DOI: 10.15986j.1006-7930.2019.04.018
为掌握关中地区下沉式窑洞冬季室内热环境传热效应及影响成因,对三原县典型下沉式窑洞进行空气温湿度、壁面温度、太阳辐射强度等热环境参数测试,依据PMV-PPD热评价体系进行分析,并基于土体水热耦合理论对窑洞传热机制展开探讨.结果表明:下沉式窑洞冬季防寒保温性能较差,窑洞内部与室外通风不畅,长期处于较潮湿环境中; 内壁面温度低于室内约3 ℃,对人体易造成冷辐射影响,室内热舒适性较低; 冬季窑洞周围土体容积热容量降低,热扩散系数增大,导致土体传热敏感,窑洞内部保温性能减弱; 居民对窑洞预测热感觉投票PMV的均值为-2.01,预测不满意百分比PPD高达67%以上,室内热环境急需改善.结论可为关中地区下沉式窑洞室内热环境改善及可持续发展提供依据.
In order to know the indoor thermal environment heat transfer effect and its influencing factors of sinking cave dwellings in Guanzhong area in winter, such thermal environment parameters of typical sinking cave dwellings in Sanyuan county, as air temperature and humidity, wall temperature and solar radiation intensity, were tested and analyzed according to PMV-PPD thermal evaluation system, and the heat transfer mechanism of cave dwellings was discussed based on soil hydrothermal coupling theory.Results show that the cold-proof and heat-preservation performance of the sinking cave is poor in winter, the ventilation inside and outside the cave is not smooth, and the cave is caught in a humid environment for a long time. The temperature of the inner wall surface is about 3 ℃ lower than in the room, which is easy to cause cold radiation to human body, and the indoor thermal comfort is low. In winter, the volume heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of the soil around the cave decreased, which resulted in the heat transfer sensitivity of the soil and decrease of the internal heat insulation performance of the cave. The average PMV of residents' prediction of thermal sensation vote in cave dwellings was-2.01, and the percentage of PPD was over 67%, so the indoor thermal environment needed to be improved urgently.The conclusion can provide basis for improving indoor thermal environment and sustainable development of subsidence cave dwelling in Guanzhong area.
