西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

病态的住区外环境是引发居民被害恐惧感的重要因素.以CPTED理论和城市“易犯罪”空间理论为支撑,提出空间位置、空间形态和空间氛围是影响居民被害恐惧感的三大空间属性,在对长春市代表性半封闭住区外环境调研的基础上,梳理其外环境中对居民被害恐惧感产生不良影响的防卫安全问题,分析了住区外环境的可见性、通达性、领域性、识别性、积极性、意象性等环境特性对被害恐惧感的影响,借助SPSS软件对调研数据进行logistic回归分析,量化空间环境因素对被害恐惧感的影响程度,在此基础上,提出解决问题的思路框架以及可减弱居民被害恐惧感的防卫安全设计策略,分别为针对空间环境的可见性问题、通达性问题、识别性问题和意象性问题的策略.

Morbid spatial environment is the main factor that causes residents' fear of crime. Supported by the CPTED and “Vulnerable to crime” theories, the paper proposes that spatial position, spatial form and spatial atmosphere are three physical spatial attributes that have important influences on residents' fear of crime in the outer environment of residential community. Through on-the-spot observation and questionnaire survey of Fuhao Garden, a typical semi-gated residential community in Changchun, based on analysis of the survey datum using Logistic regression analysis of SPSS, the paper teasts out the defense safety problems related to spatial position, spatial morphology and spatial atmosphere that have adverse influences on residents' fear of crime. On this basis, the paper analyses the environmental characters that influence residents' fear of crime, such as accessibility, identifiability, visibility, territoriality, imagery and positivity of space. Through the analysis mentioned above, four defense safety design strategies, namely the design strategies aiming at spatial visibility, the design strategies in view of spatial accessibility, the design strategies in allusion to spatial identifiability, and the design strategies directing at spatial imagery are proposed to weaken residents' fear of crime of outer environment in Fuhao Garden residential community.

引言
1 被害恐惧感的影响因素
2 代表性半封闭住区被害恐惧感分析
3 减弱被害恐惧感视角下的设计策略
4 结论

图1 影响被害恐惧感的环境要素<br/>Fig.1 The diagram of environmental factors impacting on fear of crime

图1 影响被害恐惧感的环境要素
Fig.1 The diagram of environmental factors impacting on fear of crime

图2 安全感、满意度、影响因素分析<br/>Fig.2 Analysis on sense of safety, satisfactionand impacting factors

图2 安全感、满意度、影响因素分析
Fig.2 Analysis on sense of safety, satisfactionand impacting factors

表1 模型系数的 Omnibus 检验<br/>Tab.1 Omnibus tests of model coefficients

表1 模型系数的 Omnibus 检验
Tab.1 Omnibus tests of model coefficients

表2 模型摘要
Tab.2 Model summary

表3 霍斯默 - 莱梅肖检验<br/>Tab.3 Contingencytable for hosmer and lemeshow test

表3 霍斯默 - 莱梅肖检验
Tab.3 Contingencytable for hosmer and lemeshow test

表4 方程中的变量<br/>Tab.4 Variables in the equation

表4 方程中的变量
Tab.4 Variables in the equation

图3 高被害恐惧感区域示意<br/>Fig.3 The map of higher regions of fear of crime

图3 高被害恐惧感区域示意
Fig.3 The map of higher regions of fear of crime

图4 空间盲区
Fig.4 Spatial blind zones

图5 建筑布局、植物对视线的遮挡 <br/>Fig.5 Building's layout and plants blocking the sight

图5 建筑布局、植物对视线的遮挡
Fig.5 Building's layout and plants blocking the sight

图6 缺乏利用的下沉广场<br/>Fig.6 The subsidence space lack of utilization

图6 缺乏利用的下沉广场
Fig.6 The subsidence space lack of utilization

图7 缺乏维护、意象较差的环境<br/>Fig.7 The poor environmental images

图7 缺乏维护、意象较差的环境
Fig.7 The poor environmental images

图8 改善策略的思路框架示意图<br/>Fig.8 The schematic diagram of thinking framework

图8 改善策略的思路框架示意图
Fig.8 The schematic diagram of thinking framework

图9 空间盲区的改善策略<br/>Fig.9 Improvement strategies to spatial blind zone

图9 空间盲区的改善策略
Fig.9 Improvement strategies to spatial blind zone

图10 改善下沉广场空间积极性的策略 <br/>Fig.10 The improvement strategies of sinking space

图10 改善下沉广场空间积极性的策略
Fig.10 The improvement strategies of sinking space

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备注

引言

1 被害恐惧感的影响因素

2 代表性半封闭住区被害恐惧感分析

3 减弱被害恐惧感视角下的设计策略

4 结论

期刊信息