西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

西部县域中学理科实验空间计划研究——基于陕西12个县域调查的实证分析

罗琳¹,李志民²

(1.西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,陕西西安 710054; 2.西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,陕西西安 710055)

Research on the space planning of science experiment of middle schools in western county——An empirical analysis based on survey of 12 counties in Shaanxi

LUO Lin¹,LI Zhimin²

(1.Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China; 2.School of Architecture, Xi'an Univ. of Arch. & Tech., Xi'an 710055,China)

Keywords： Western county; middle school; experimental space; space plan

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2021.02.016

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受城镇化进程影响,西部地区优质教育资源不断向县城和人口稠密的镇区集中,呈现大班额和大规模趋势,县域大量既有中学校舍空间指标滞后、模式陈旧,就学压力剧增、校园亟待更新以满足供给需求.目前大多数学校建设仍依据2002年颁布的《城市普通中小学校校舍建设标准》,而此标准仅适用于48班以下办学规模,由于建设标准滞后,大量既有校舍新建、改扩建缺少有效指导,更制约了新型教育理念下创新教学活动的开展.研究旨在深入探讨教学需求、把握地方办学的基础上,参照国家及各地区已有标准,选取陕西12个县域的代表性学校,以理科实验空间为例,运用建筑计划学方法深入细致调查,分析实验空间现状使用问题并建立类型化研究; 基于实验空间计划的影响要素分析,构建大规模办学背景下不同班级规模所对应的校舍实验空间适宜性指标参考,并提出灵活弹性的空间模式和设计策略,为西部县域既有中学更新改造作设计指导、亦为地区适宜标准的制定提供科学参考.

Affected by the process of urbanization, high-quality educational resources in the western region continue to be concentrated in counties and densely populated towns, presenting large classes and large-scale trends. A large number of existing high school buildings in the counties have lagging spatial indicators and outdated models. The pressure for admission has increased sharply and the schools urgently need to be updated to meet supply demand.At present, most schools are still based on the "Standards for the Construction of School Buildings in Urban Primary and Secondary Schools" promulgated in 2002, and this standard is only applicable to the school scale of less than 48 classes. Due to the lagging construction standards, many large classes and large-scale high schools in the western counties lack effective guidance for the construction, renovation, and expansion, further restricting thedevelopment of innovative teaching activities under the new education concept.The purpose of the research is to discuss the teaching needs in depth, grasp the foundation of local schools, refer to the existing national and regional standards, select representative schools in 12 counties in Shaanxi, take the science experimental space as an example, and use the architectural planning method to conduct in-depth and detailed investigations. Analyze the main problems of the use of experimental space and establish typological research. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of the experimental space plan, construct a reference for the suitability index of the school building experimental space under the background of large-scale school running,and propose flexible and flexible spatial models and design strategies for the renovation and transformation of existing middle schools in the western county Design guidance also provides a scientific reference for the formulation of appropriate regional standards.

引言
1 空间计划影响因素梳理
2 实验空间现状问题分析
3 实验空间计划研究
4 结语

表1 2019年陕西省各类地区中学及在校生人数汇总表<br/>Tab.1 Summary of the number of middle schools and students in regions of Shaanxi Province in 2019

表1 2019年陕西省各类地区中学及在校生人数汇总表
Tab.1 Summary of the number of middle schools and students in regions of Shaanxi Province in 2019

表2 2015—2018年分区域陕西中学数量变化<br/>Tab.2 Changes in the number of middle schools in Shaanxi by region from 2015 to 2018

表2 2015—2018年分区域陕西中学数量变化
Tab.2 Changes in the number of middle schools in Shaanxi by region from 2015 to 2018

表3 美国中学教育设施建设标准<br/>Tab.3 Education facilities specifications for high schools in the USA

表3 美国中学教育设施建设标准
Tab.3 Education facilities specifications for high schools in the USA

表4 《中小学理科实验室装备规范(JY/T 0385-2006)》单位:间<br/>Tab.4 Standards for Science Laboratory Equipment of Primary and Middle Schools Unit:Room

表4 《中小学理科实验室装备规范(JY/T 0385-2006)》单位:间
Tab.4 Standards for Science Laboratory Equipment of Primary and Middle Schools Unit:Room

表5 超过48班的高中理科实验室数量指标<br/>Tab.5 Number of high school science laboratories with more than 48 classes

表5 超过48班的高中理科实验室数量指标
Tab.5 Number of high school science laboratories with more than 48 classes

表6 样本学校实验空间模式及面积指标<br/>Tab.6 The experimental space model and area index of the investigated schools

表6 样本学校实验空间模式及面积指标
Tab.6 The experimental space model and area index of the investigated schools

表7 已调研学校实验室生均指标及活用措施<br/>Tab.7 The experimental space model and area index of the investigated schools

表7 已调研学校实验室生均指标及活用措施
Tab.7 The experimental space model and area index of the investigated schools

表8 实验室及其辅助用房使用面积指标<br/>Tab.8 Index of the area used by the laboratory and its auxiliary buildings

表8 实验室及其辅助用房使用面积指标
Tab.8 Index of the area used by the laboratory and its auxiliary buildings

表9 化学实验室纵向走道宽度及前后排距<br/>Tab.9 Width and front-to-rear distance of longitudinal walkway in chemical laboratory

表9 化学实验室纵向走道宽度及前后排距
Tab.9 Width and front-to-rear distance of longitudinal walkway in chemical laboratory

表10 实验室桌椅尺寸参考<br/>Tab.10 Laboratory table and chair size reference

表10 实验室桌椅尺寸参考
Tab.10 Laboratory table and chair size reference

图1 实际调研的实验室平面<br/>Fig.1 The actual laboratory plan

图1 实际调研的实验室平面
Fig.1 The actual laboratory plan

图2 按规范排列的50人实验室平面<br/>Fig.2 Standardized 50-person laboratory plan

图2 按规范排列的50人实验室平面
Fig.2 Standardized 50-person laboratory plan

图3 西部县域应对大规模办学的实验室平面布置示意图<br/>Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the layout of laboratories in western counties for large-scale schools

图3 西部县域应对大规模办学的实验室平面布置示意图
Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the layout of laboratories in western counties for large-scale schools

图4 适应复合弹性教学的大规模学校实验室平面布置示意图<br/>Fig.4 Schematic diagram of large-scale school laboratory layout suitable for compound elastic teaching

图4 适应复合弹性教学的大规模学校实验室平面布置示意图
Fig.4 Schematic diagram of large-scale school laboratory layout suitable for compound elastic teaching

图5 理科实验室数量和班级规模关系散点图<br/>Fig.5 Scatterplot of the relationship between the number of science laboratories and class size

图5 理科实验室数量和班级规模关系散点图
Fig.5 Scatterplot of the relationship between the number of science laboratories and class size

图6 班级规模和实验室实际数目之间的关系散点图<br/>Fig.6 Scatterplot of the relationship between class size and actual number of laboratories

图6 班级规模和实验室实际数目之间的关系散点图
Fig.6 Scatterplot of the relationship between class size and actual number of laboratories

图7 实验个数影响下班级规模和实际利用实验室数目关系散点图<br/>Fig.7 Scatterplot of the relationship between the number of experiments affecting the class size and the number of laboratories actually used

图7 实验个数影响下班级规模和实际利用实验室数目关系散点图
Fig.7 Scatterplot of the relationship between the number of experiments affecting the class size and the number of laboratories actually used

表11 使用班级规模下实验学时与实验室个数的关系表<br/>Tab.11 The relationship table between the experimental hours and the number of laboratories under the class size

表11 使用班级规模下实验学时与实验室个数的关系表
Tab.11 The relationship table between the experimental hours and the number of laboratories under the class size

表12 实验个数与实验室数目之间的关系表<br/>Tab.12 Relationship between the number of experiments and the number of laboratories

表12 实验个数与实验室数目之间的关系表
Tab.12 Relationship between the number of experiments and the number of laboratories

图8 “教材型实验室”平、剖面空间示意图<br/>Fig.8 Schematic diagram of flat and section space of

图8 “教材型实验室”平、剖面空间示意图
Fig.8 Schematic diagram of flat and section space of "textbook laboratory

图9 “N+3+1”空间模式图<br/>Fig.9 “N+3+1”space pattern diagram

图9 “N+3+1”空间模式图
Fig.9 “N+3+1”space pattern diagram

图10 “2+2+1”空间模式图<br/>Fig.10 “2+2+1”space pattern diagram

图10 “2+2+1”空间模式图
Fig.10 “2+2+1”space pattern diagram

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期刊信息

西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)
（1957年创刊双月刊）

主管单位：陕西省教育厅

主办单位：西安建筑科技大学

主　　编：刘加平（院士）

副主编：史庆轩（常务）张引科张小龙

国内刊号：CN61-1295/TU

I S S N：1006-7930

地　　址：西安市雁塔路中段13号

国内发行：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

国外发行：中国出版对外贸易总公司

编辑出版：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

备注

引言

1 空间计划影响因素梳理

2 实验空间现状问题分析

3 实验空间计划研究

4 结语

期刊信息