西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

坎儿井公共空间作为传统村落中集景观要素和社会生活为一体的核心空间,其热环境直接影响人们的户外活动质量.为了提高坎儿井公共空间的热舒适度,厘清植物、坎儿井水和地面铺装对坎儿井公共空间热环境的影响程度.以再依丁坎儿孜村为例,运用ENVI-met软件模拟分析坎儿井公共空间的热环境特征,进一步建立无坎儿井水、无水无植被和水泥地面等3种模拟方案.结果表明:坎儿井公共空间的热舒适度优于其他空间,坎儿井水和植物的共同作用下最大可降温2.3℃,PMV值最大相差3个级别,空间舒适度变化与植物分布高度相关.坎儿井水干涸后,坎儿井公共空间的PMV值最大增大0.38; 坎儿井公共空间植物也消失后,PMV值最大增大2.72; 当坎儿井公共空间的地面改为水泥地面时,PMV值最大增大0.37.优化吐鲁番农村公共空间夏季热环境需考虑多因素之间的协同作用,应增加树木遮阳、加以保护坎儿井水源、减少水泥和沥青等硬质地面的使用.本研究可为干热地区公共空间热舒适度的研究和建设提供参考.

As the core space of traditional villages, Karez public space integrates landscape elements and social life, and its thermal environment directly affects the quality of people's outdoor activities. In order to improve the thermal comfort of Karez public space, clarify the influence of plants, Karez water and ground pavement on the thermal environment of Karez public space. Taking kanerzi village as an example, ENVI-met software is used to simulate and analyze the thermal environment characteristics of public space in Karez, and three simulation schemes are further established, such as no Karez water, no vegetation and cement ground. The results show that: the thermal comfort of Karez public space is better than other spaces, the maximum temperature of Karez water and plants can be reduced by 2.3℃, PMV values differ by up to 3 levels, and the change of space comfort is highly related to the distribution of plants. The PMV value of public space in Karez increases by 0.38 after the well water dries up; after the plants in Karez public space disappears, the maximum PMV value increases by 2.72; and when the ground of Karez public space is changed to cement ground, the maximum increase of PMV is 0.37. In order to optimize the thermal environment of rural public space in Turpan in summer, it is necessary to consider the synergy of many factors, such as increasing tree shading, protecting Karez water source, and reducing the use of hard ground such as cement and asphalt. This study can provide a reference for the research and construction of public space thermal comfort in dry and hot areas.

引言
1 坎儿井公共空间的特点
2 研究方法
3 坎儿井公共空间的差异化模拟
4 结论

图1 坎儿井剖面结构示意图<br/>Fig.1 Schematic diagram of Karez section structure

图1 坎儿井剖面结构示意图
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of Karez section structure

表1 测试仪器参数<br/>Tab.1 Parameters of test instrument

表1 测试仪器参数
Tab.1 Parameters of test instrument

图2 2017年8月15日各测点温湿度变化图<br/>Fig.2 Temperature and humidity variation of each measuring point on August 15, 2017

图2 2017年8月15日各测点温湿度变化图
Fig.2 Temperature and humidity variation of each measuring point on August 15, 2017

图3 研究区域卫星图及模型示意图<br/>Fig.3 Satellite map and model diagram of study area

图3 研究区域卫星图及模型示意图
Fig.3 Satellite map and model diagram of study area

表2 模拟参数设置表<br/>Tab.2 Simulation parameter setting table

表2 模拟参数设置表
Tab.2 Simulation parameter setting table

表3 模型精度评价结果<br/>Tab.3 Model accuracy evaluation results

表3 模型精度评价结果
Tab.3 Model accuracy evaluation results

图4 点1-3实测与模拟的温湿度对比结果<br/>Fig.4 Comparison results of temperature and humidity measured and simulated at points 1-3

图4 点1-3实测与模拟的温湿度对比结果
Fig.4 Comparison results of temperature and humidity measured and simulated at points 1-3

图5 2017年8月15日典型时刻温度模拟结果<br/>Fig.5 Temperature simulation results at typical time on August 15, 2017

图5 2017年8月15日典型时刻温度模拟结果
Fig.5 Temperature simulation results at typical time on August 15, 2017

表4 PMV指标评价表<br/>Tab.4 PMV index evaluation table

表4 PMV指标评价表
Tab.4 PMV index evaluation table

图6 2017年8月15日不同时刻模拟结果的PMV值<br/>Fig.6 PMV values of simulation results at different times on August 15, 2017

图6 2017年8月15日不同时刻模拟结果的PMV值
Fig.6 PMV values of simulation results at different times on August 15, 2017

图7 不同时刻无水方案与实际方案的PMV差值<br/>Fig.7 PMV difference between water free scheme and actual scheme at different times

图7 不同时刻无水方案与实际方案的PMV差值
Fig.7 PMV difference between water free scheme and actual scheme at different times

图8 不同时刻无水、无植被方案与实际方案的PMV差值<br/>Fig.8 PMV difference between no water and vegetation scheme and actual scheme at different times

图8 不同时刻无水、无植被方案与实际方案的PMV差值
Fig.8 PMV difference between no water and vegetation scheme and actual scheme at different times

图9 不同时刻水泥地面方案与实际方案的PMV差值<br/>Fig.9 PMV difference between cement ground scheme and actual scheme at different times

图9 不同时刻水泥地面方案与实际方案的PMV差值
Fig.9 PMV difference between cement ground scheme and actual scheme at different times

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备注

引言

1 坎儿井公共空间的特点

2 研究方法

3 坎儿井公共空间的差异化模拟

4 结论

期刊信息