耦合遥感与地面监测的陕西省热环境时空分异及其影响因素研究
冯晓刚,李 萌,李凤霞,周在辉

(西安建筑科技大学 建筑学院, 陕西 西安 710055)

热环境; GIS空间分析; 时空分异; 地理探测器; 陕西省

Spatiotemporal variation and its causes of thermal environment in Shaanxi province coupled with remote sensing and ground monitoring
FENG Xiaogang, LI Meng, LI Fengxia, ZHOU Zaihui

(School of Architecture, Xi'an Univ. of Arch. & Tech., Xi'an 710055, China)

thermal environment; GIS spatial analysis; spatiotemporal variability; geo-explorer; Shaanxi province

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2022.03.013

备注

以陕西省1970—2013年60个地面气象观测数据为主,以MODIS数据为辅助,采用构建的热环境分异指数,进行陕西省44年间热环境时空分异特征研究; 基于地理探测方法,从自然和社会经济两个方面展开陕西省热环境时空分异特征的成因分析.结果表明:(1)陕西省月平均温度,陕北变幅最大,关中次之,陕南最小.2000年后月平均温度较1990年前变化显著,60个观测台站中79.8%的月份为正增长.陕南、关中和陕北地区的四季平均气温变化呈现春秋两季增温显著,夏冬两季变幅最小.月平均最高温度表现为持续走高; 冬季平均最低温度呈现走低的趋势,而其他三季则表现为缓慢上升.(2)1970—2013年典型年份的温度时空分布呈现由南向北、由东向西依次减弱的趋势,其中,关中地区变化最为显著,陕北次之,陕南最小.(3)关中地区热环境整体状况最差,陕北次之,陕南较好,整体呈现加剧的趋势; TD指数变化较大,呈现跌宕起伏的趋势,表明44年间陕西省不同地区的热环境分异因区位的不同而不同.(4)地理探测结果表明:影响陕西省大气温度变化的主要自然因素是海拔、蒸发量和相对湿度; 主要社会经济因素是人均公园面积、绿化覆盖率和城市化率.
Based on the data of 60 ground meteorological observation stations from 1970 to 2013 in Shaanxi Province, and assisted by MODIS data, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of thermal environment in Shaanxi Province during 44 years were studied by using the constructed thermal environment differentiation index, and the causes of spatiotemporal variation of thermal environment were analyzed from two aspects of nature and social economy by means of the geographical detection method. The results showed that:(1)The monthly average temperature in Shaanxi province had the largest variation in northern Shaanxi, followed by the Central area and the smallest in southern Shaanxi. The monthly average temperature after 2000 changed significantly from that before 1990, with a positive increase of 79.8 per cent in the month of 60 observation stations. The variation of average temperature of four seasons in the Southern, Central and Northern areas showed that the temperature increased significantly in spring and autumn, and the variation was the smallest in summer and winter. Meanwhile, the lowest temperature in winter showed a downward trend, while the other three seasons showed an upward trend slightly.(2)The temporal and spatial distribution of temperature in typical years from 1970 to 2013 showed a decreasing trend from south to north and from east to west. Among them, the Central area had the most significant changes, followed by northern Shaanxi, and southern Shaanxi the smallest.(3)The overall thermal environment in the Central area was the worst, followed by northern Shaanxi, southern Shaanxi was better, and the overall trend was increasing. The TD index changed greatly, showing a trend of ups and downs, indicating that the thermal environment differentiation in different regions of Shaanxi Province in 44 years was different due to different locations.(4)Geographical detection results showed that the main natural factors affecting the atmospheric temperature change in Shaanxi Province were altitude, evaporation and relative humidity, and the main socio-economic factors were park area per capita, greening coverage rate and urbanization rate.