西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

降低地铁车站空调系统能耗是实现地铁节能的关键.地铁车站空调系统能耗受客流量影响,存在显著的逐时变化.地铁车站空调系统节能设计及运行优化需要以准确的瞬态能耗预测为基础.据此,本研究搭建了基于负荷判断和分时调控的地铁车站空调系统瞬态能耗预测模型,并根据现场实测数据对该模型的准确性进行了验证.在此基础上,对该模型在地铁车站空调系统冷源方案优化中的应用进行了探索.以广州某标准站为例,对常规水冷冷水、整体式蒸发冷凝、直接膨胀式蒸发冷凝三种冷源方案下的系统全年逐时能耗进行预测,进而基于技术经济分析对这三种常用冷源方案在地铁车站空调系统中的适用性进行了讨论.研究结果表明:在三种冷源方案中,直膨式蒸发冷凝方案的节能性能最佳,虽然其初投资高于常规冷水水冷空调系统,但年综合运行费用低,具有最高的经济效益.

Reducing energy consumption of air conditioning system is the key of realizing subway station energy-saving. Energy consumption of air conditioning system in subway station is influenced by passenger flow volume and shows significant hourly variation. Energy efficiency design and operation optimization of air conditioning system in subway station is based on accurate transient energy consumption prediction. Accordingly, a transient energy consumption model of subway station ventilation and air conditioning system is presented in this study. The prediction accuracy of this model was proved to be acceptable based on field measurement. Then, the application of this model on cold source optimization was discussed. A standard station in Guangzhou was taken as an example, the annual hourly energy consumption under three different cold source schemes: conventional water-cooling system, integral evaporative cooling system and direct expansion evaporative cooling system was numerically investigated. Further, technical and economic efficiency was discussed, applicability of three cold source schemes were discussed. The results demonstrate that direct expansion evaporative cooling is the most energy-efficient cold source scheme and has the highest economic benefits due to its lowest annual combined operating expenses.

引言
1 地铁车站空调系统瞬态能耗预测模型
2 应用实例
3 结论

图1 车站常规空调系统的瞬态能耗预测模型<br/>Fig.1 Transient energy consumption model for station conventional air conditioning system

图1 车站常规空调系统的瞬态能耗预测模型
Fig.1 Transient energy consumption model for station conventional air conditioning system

图2 分时控制及负荷判断模块控制流程<br/>Fig.2 Control flow of real-time control and load determine modules

图2 分时控制及负荷判断模块控制流程
Fig.2 Control flow of real-time control and load determine modules

图3 模拟方案下COP计算值与实测值对比<br/>Fig.3 Comparison of COP

图3 模拟方案下COP计算值与实测值对比
Fig.3 Comparison of COP

图4 站厅、站台全年逐时冷负荷<br/>Fig.4 Hourly cooling load of station hall and platform throughout the year

图4 站厅、站台全年逐时冷负荷
Fig.4 Hourly cooling load of station hall and platform throughout the year

图5 车站空调系统主机制冷量及负荷率<br/>Fig.5 Main cooling capacity and part load rate of station air conditioning system

图5 车站空调系统主机制冷量及负荷率
Fig.5 Main cooling capacity and part load rate of station air conditioning system

图6 车站空调冷机COP及空调主机供回水温度(下层线:供水温度; 上层线:回水温度)<br/>Fig.6 Station air-conditioning chiller COP and water supply and return temperature of the station air-conditioning host(lower line: water supply temperature; upper line: return water temperature)

图6 车站空调冷机COP及空调主机供回水温度(下层线:供水温度; 上层线:回水温度)
Fig.6 Station air-conditioning chiller COP and water supply and return temperature of the station air-conditioning host(lower line: water supply temperature; upper line: return water temperature)

图7 车站空调系统全年逐时耗电量<br/>Fig.7 Power consumption of subway station air-conditioning system throughout the year

图7 车站空调系统全年逐时耗电量
Fig.7 Power consumption of subway station air-conditioning system throughout the year

表1 空调系统各设备全年总能耗及系统能效比<br/>Tab.1 Annual total energy consumption and system energy efficiency ratio of each equipment of air conditioning system

表1 空调系统各设备全年总能耗及系统能效比
Tab.1 Annual total energy consumption and system energy efficiency ratio of each equipment of air conditioning system

表2 三种方案的主要设备组成及功率<br/>Tab.2 Equipment composition and power of the three schemes

表2 三种方案的主要设备组成及功率
Tab.2 Equipment composition and power of the three schemes

表3 三种方案的年能耗及系统能效比<br/>Tab.3 Annual energy consumption and system energy efficiency ratio of the three schemes

表3 三种方案的年能耗及系统能效比
Tab.3 Annual energy consumption and system energy efficiency ratio of the three schemes

表4 三种方案的设备初投资对比<br/>Tab.4 Comparison of initial equipment investment of the three schemes

表4 三种方案的设备初投资对比
Tab.4 Comparison of initial equipment investment of the three schemes

表5 三种方案的土建需求对比<br/>Tab.5 Comparison of civil construction requirements of three schemes

表5 三种方案的土建需求对比
Tab.5 Comparison of civil construction requirements of three schemes

表6 三种方案的经济性分析<br/>Tab.6 Economic analysis of the three schemes

表6 三种方案的经济性分析
Tab.6 Economic analysis of the three schemes

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备注

引言

1 地铁车站空调系统瞬态能耗预测模型

2 应用实例

3 结论

期刊信息