西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

为了掌握散射辐射在半球天空的分布特征,为构建和评价散射辐射模型提供依据,本研究通过建立辐射观测站获取了实测数据,分析了半球天空中散射辐射的总量、分布与太阳位置、晴朗程度之间的关系.研究表明:(1)半球天空中散射辐射的总量Id与太阳高度角h成正比关系,斜率与直射辐射透过率Kn成正比.(2)Id与晴空指数Kt间呈现出先上升再下降的变化关系.但散射辐射在总辐射中的占比Kd与Kt成反比关系.(3)散射辐射在半球天空的分布呈现出距离太阳越远辐射越小的变化趋势,散射辐射的变化主要集中在与太阳夹角小于90°的天空中,在远离环日区域的天空中,散射辐射的变化幅度很小(4)从环日区域向外,散射辐射减小的幅度在阴、晴天时较为均匀; 多云天时散射辐射在环日区域附近快速减小,Kd从在环日区域接近晴天状况快速过度到环日区域以外接近阴天状况.

In order to master the distribution characteristics of diffuse solar radiation in hemisphere sky, and to provide the basis for the diffuse solar radiation models. In this study, the measured data are obtained by establishing a solar radiation station.And the relationship between amount and distribution of diffuse radiation and position of the sun, cloud condition are analyzed. The results show:(1)Total amount of diffuse radiation(Id)is significantly affected by the solar altitude angle. Theslope of lines is affected by the ratio of direct normal solar radiation and solar constant(Kn).(2)The relationship between Id and clearness index(Kt)showed a rise and then decline.But the ratio of diffuse solar radiation and total solar radiation in horizontal(Kd)is inversely proportional to Kt.(3)The distribution of diffuse radiation in the hemisphere sky presents the change that trend to smaller with the distance from the sun.The change of the diffuse radiation mainly concentrated in the sky with the angle less than 90°. Far away from the ring area, the range of diffuse radiation's change is very small.(4)Out of the ring area of the sun, the change of diffuse radiation decrease is relatively uniform in overcast and cloudless. Diffuse radiation decreases quickly out of the ring area of the sun in cloudy. Kd close to the cloudless situation around the ring area of the sun, and to the overcast situation outside the ring area in cloudy.

引言
1 概述
2 分析用辐射数据
3 散射辐射的总量特征
4 散射辐射分布特征
5 结论

图1 辐射观测装置<br/>Fig.1 Radiation observation device

图1 辐射观测装置
Fig.1 Radiation observation device

表1 辐射仪主要技术指标<br/>Tab.1 Technical indexes of solar meter

表1 辐射仪主要技术指标
Tab.1 Technical indexes of solar meter

表2 数据采集仪主要技术指标<br/>Tab.2 Technical indexes ofdata logger

表2 数据采集仪主要技术指标
Tab.2 Technical indexes ofdata logger

图2 辐射与h的关系<br/>Fig.2 Relationship between solar radiation and h

图2 辐射与h的关系
Fig.2 Relationship between solar radiation and h

图3 辐射与Kt的关系<br/>Fig.3 Relationship between solar radiation and Kt

图3 辐射与Kt的关系
Fig.3 Relationship between solar radiation and Kt

表3 不同Kt时,Kd和Kn的拟合结果<br/>Tab.3 Fitting results of Kd and Kn at different Kt

表3 不同Kt时,Kd和Kn的拟合结果
Tab.3 Fitting results of Kd and Kn at different Kt

图4 Kd·v与φ的关系<br/>Fig.4 Relationship between Kd·v and φ

图4 Kd·v与φ的关系
Fig.4 Relationship between Kd·v and φ

表4 天气晴朗度划分<br/>Tab.4 Division of overcast, cloudy and sunny by Kt

表4 天气晴朗度划分
Tab.4 Division of overcast, cloudy and sunny by Kt

图5 不同晴朗度时Kd·v与φ的关系<br/>Fig.5 Relationship between Kd·v and φ in different weather

图5 不同晴朗度时Kd·v与φ的关系
Fig.5 Relationship between Kd·v and φ in different weather

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引言

1 概述

2 分析用辐射数据

3 散射辐射的总量特征

4 散射辐射分布特征

5 结论

期刊信息