西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

风驱雨是建筑物抗风雨设计需要考虑的主要因素之一.利用2006—2015年上海宝山气象站逐时降水、风速和风向观测数据,分析了上海地区降水、风的气候背景和降雨时风环境特征,计算了年风驱雨量指数和风驱雨荷载指数,评估了不同时间分辨率数据对指数计算值影响,所得主要结论如下:(1)宝山站小时出现降水的气候频率接近10%,超过99%的样本小时降水量小于5 mm,降雨集中时段为夏季.宝山站全年盛行风向依次为东北、东和东南,其中东北风多出现在秋季和冬季,东和东南风多出现在春季和夏季.(2)宝山站出现降雨时的风环境与全体样本统计值有明显差异,出现降雨和极端降雨时的主要风向均为东北和东,且平均风速较全体样本平均值明显偏大.(3)宝山站的年风驱雨指数为3.8 m2·s-1,风驱雨荷载总体呈现东北方位大、西南方位小的特点,其中东北和东两个方位的风驱雨荷载指数年均值分别为413.0 mm和 388.3 mm,西南方位为103.7 mm.(4)基于日值、月值和年值统计数据计算得到的年风驱雨量指数值均较基准值(基于小时数据)偏低,其中年值偏低最多,日值最少.相关研究成果可望为上海的建筑设计和城市规划等工作提供参考.

Wind driven rain(WDR)is one of the main factors to be considered in architectural design. Using hourly precipitation, wind speed and direction data(2006—2015)of Shanghai Baoshan weather station, the climate characteristics of the precipitation, wind and wind environment during rain events were analyzed, annual WDR index and WDR load index were obtained, and the impact of different time resolution data source on index calculation were evaluated in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The frequency of Baoshan station hourly rainfall occurrence is close to 10%, more than 99% of the sample hours' precipitation is less than 5 mm, and the main season for rainfall is summer. The annual prevailing wind direction at Baoshan station is northeast, east and southeast, with seasonal variation of northeast during autumn &winter and east or southeast during spring &summer.(2)Wind environment during rainfall events of Baoshan station is obviously different to all samples' statistics: the governing wind directions during rainfall events are northeast and east, and the average wind speed is greater than all the samples' result.(3)The WDR index of Baoshan station is 3.8 m2·s-1. WDR load index of northeast and east is largest and southwest is smallest, the WDR load index of northeast(east)is 413.0 mm(388.3 mm), while the southwest is 103.7 mm.(4)The WDR index calculated through daily, monthly and annual data were smaller than the baseline value(based on hourly data)with largest range of yearly method and smallest range of daily method. The research results obtained in this paper will provide reference for the architectural design and urban planning of Shanghai.

引言
1 资料和方法
2 降水和风环境背景
3 降雨风环境
4 风驱雨参数计算
5 时间分辨率对风驱雨参数计算的影响
6 结论和讨论

图1 宝山站逐月降水量分布图(2006—2015年)<br/>Fig.1 The monthly precipitation of Baoshan Station(2006—2015)

图1 宝山站逐月降水量分布图(2006—2015年)
Fig.1 The monthly precipitation of Baoshan Station(2006—2015)

表1 宝山站各等级小时降水量出现频率/%<br/>Tab.1 The hourly precipitation frequency distribution of Baoshan station

表1 宝山站各等级小时降水量出现频率/%
Tab.1 The hourly precipitation frequency distribution of Baoshan station

图2 2006—2015年宝山站风向玫瑰图和风速玫瑰图<br/>Fig.2 The rose map for wind direction and wind speed for Baoshan station(2006—2015)

图2 2006—2015年宝山站风向玫瑰图和风速玫瑰图
Fig.2 The rose map for wind direction and wind speed for Baoshan station(2006—2015)

图3 2006—2015年宝山站降雨时风向玫瑰图和风速玫瑰图<br/>Fig.3 The rose map for wind direction and wind speed during rainfall events for Baoshan station(2006—2015)

图3 2006—2015年宝山站降雨时风向玫瑰图和风速玫瑰图
Fig.3 The rose map for wind direction and wind speed during rainfall events for Baoshan station(2006—2015)

图4 2006—2015年宝山站极端降雨时风向玫瑰图和风速玫瑰图<br/>Fig.4 The rose map for wind direction and wind speed during extreme rainfall events for Baoshan station(2006—2015)

图4 2006—2015年宝山站极端降雨时风向玫瑰图和风速玫瑰图
Fig.4 The rose map for wind direction and wind speed during extreme rainfall events for Baoshan station(2006—2015)

图5 2006—2015年宝山站年风驱雨负荷指数和风驱雨逐时发生频率<br/>Fig.5 The rose map for wind driven rain load index and wind driven rain occurrence frequency for Baoshan station(2006—2015)

图5 2006—2015年宝山站年风驱雨负荷指数和风驱雨逐时发生频率
Fig.5 The rose map for wind driven rain load index and wind driven rain occurrence frequency for Baoshan station(2006—2015)

表2 基于不同时间分辨率数据的多年平均风驱雨量对比分析(2006—2015年)<br/>Tab.2 Comparison of wind driven rain index based on hourly,daily, monthly and yearly data source(2006—2015)

表2 基于不同时间分辨率数据的多年平均风驱雨量对比分析(2006—2015年)
Tab.2 Comparison of wind driven rain index based on hourly,daily, monthly and yearly data source(2006—2015)

图6 基于不同时间分辨率数据的宝山站历年风驱雨量变化<br/>Fig.6 Variation of wind driven rain index based on hourly,daily, monthly and yearly data source

图6 基于不同时间分辨率数据的宝山站历年风驱雨量变化
Fig.6 Variation of wind driven rain index based on hourly,daily, monthly and yearly data source

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备注

引言

1 资料和方法

2 降水和风环境背景

3 降雨风环境

4 风驱雨参数计算

5 时间分辨率对风驱雨参数计算的影响

6 结论和讨论

期刊信息