西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

太阳辐射得热影响下的近零能耗住宅体形设计研究

房涛¹,李洁²,王崇杰¹,杨崴²

(1.山东建筑大学建筑城规学院,山东济南 250101; 2.天津大学建筑学院,天津 300072)

Form design of nearly zero energy residence due to solar heat gains

FANG Tao¹,LI Jie²,WANG Chongjie¹,YANG Wei²

(1.School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101,China; 2.School of Architecture,Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072,china)

Keywords： nearly zero energy; solar radiation;; heating demand; shape coefficient; energy balance

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2020.02.019

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参考文献

寒冷地区近零能耗住宅中,太阳辐射得热对住宅的采暖需求影响显著,进而影响住宅的体形节能设计.从全年冷热能量平衡的角度,通过对窗墙比、太阳得热系数、体形系数与寒冷地区住宅供暖制冷需求的关系进行敏感性分析,发现近零能耗目标下住宅的南、东、西向外窗是整体得热构件,这一结论表明:以体形系数控制建筑散热面积来实现降低近零能耗住宅冷热需求的方法是不适宜的.由此,在此基础上通过多元线性回归建立了住宅年冷热需求与建筑形体的数学模型,其可为我国寒冷地区近零能耗住宅的性能化设计提供必要理论依据.

Heat sources due to solar radiation seems to have much more influence than transmission heat dissipation on nearly zero energy buildings, which also results in the differences in building form design methods. In this study, the single-factor and two-factor sensitivity analysis is applied to find the relationship between window-wall ratio, solar heat gain coefficient,shape coefficient and the heating and cooling demand of residential buildings in cold areas from the perspective of energy balance. The results indicate that the window(south, east and west direction external window)under the goal of nearly zero energy consumption was the overall heat gain component, which indicated that using the shape coefficient to reduce the radiating area so as to realize decreasing energy consumption was unsuitability for nearly zero energy building. Finally, multiple linear regression was carried out to build the formula of heating and cooling demand, which provided a theoretical foundation for the performance-oriented design of nearly zero residence forms in the cold zones of China.

引言
1 影响太阳辐射吸收的围护结构设计因素分析
2 围护结构太阳得热关键参数取值筛选
3 太阳辐射影响下的建筑体形节能设计
4 结论

表1 标准/技术导则中对太阳得热的规定<br/>Tab.1 The regulations of solar heat gain in standards and technical guides

表1 标准/技术导则中对太阳得热的规定
Tab.1 The regulations of solar heat gain in standards and technical guides

图1 建筑得失热及围护结构面积比<br/>Fig.1 The gain and loss of heat and building envelope area proportion

图1 建筑得失热及围护结构面积比
Fig.1 The gain and loss of heat and building envelope area proportion

图2 北京地区各个朝向太阳辐射强度<br/>Fig.2 The solar radiation intensity in different directions in Beijing area

图2 北京地区各个朝向太阳辐射强度
Fig.2 The solar radiation intensity in different directions in Beijing area

表2 基础模型尺度<br/>Tab.2 The basic models sizes

表2 基础模型尺度
Tab.2 The basic models sizes

表3 围护结构节能设计参数初始值<br/>Tab.3 The initial values ofenergy saving design parameter in building envelope

表3 围护结构节能设计参数初始值
Tab.3 The initial values ofenergy saving design parameter in building envelope

表4 室内环境参数及运行参数<br/>Tab.4 The indoor environment parameters and operation parameters

表4 室内环境参数及运行参数
Tab.4 The indoor environment parameters and operation parameters

$图3 WWR南、WWR东\西与冷/热需求关系<br/>Fig.3 The relationship between the window-wall ratio in south,east and west directions and the demand of heating and cooling$

图3 WWR南、WWR东\西与冷/热需求关系
Fig.3 The relationship between the window-wall ratio in south,east and west directions and the demand of heating and cooling

图4 WWR南、WWR东西与全年冷热总需求关系<br/>Fig.4 TheThe relationship between the window-wall ratio in south,east and west directions and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling in one year

图4 WWR南、WWR东西与全年冷热总需求关系
Fig.4 TheThe relationship between the window-wall ratio in south,east and west directions and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling in one year

图5 SHGC南、SHGC东西与冷/热需求关系<br/>Fig.5 The The relationship between the solar heat gain coefficient in south, east and west directions and the demand of heating and cooling

图5 SHGC南、SHGC东西与冷/热需求关系
Fig.5 The The relationship between the solar heat gain coefficient in south, east and west directions and the demand of heating and cooling

图6 SHGC南、SHGC东西与全年冷热总需求关系<br/>Fig.6 The relationship between he solar heat gain coefficient in south,east and west directions and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling in one year

图6 SHGC南、SHGC东西与全年冷热总需求关系
Fig.6 The relationship between he solar heat gain coefficient in south,east and west directions and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling in one year

图7 影响太阳得热的各参数敏感性分析<br/>Fig.7 Sensitivity analysis of the influence of each parameter on solar heat gain

图7 影响太阳得热的各参数敏感性分析
Fig.7 Sensitivity analysis of the influence of each parameter on solar heat gain

表5 非透明围护结构太阳吸收系数对冷热需求影响<br/>Tab.5 Theeffect of non-transparent envelop solar heat gain coefficient on the demand of heating and cooling

表5 非透明围护结构太阳吸收系数对冷热需求影响
Tab.5 Theeffect of non-transparent envelop solar heat gain coefficient on the demand of heating and cooling

表6 体形系数与冷热需求实验设计<br/>Tab.6 The experiment design of building shape coefficient and the demand of heating and cooling

表6 体形系数与冷热需求实验设计
Tab.6 The experiment design of building shape coefficient and the demand of heating and cooling

图8 WWR南、体形系数与热需求关系<br/>Fig.8 The relationship of window-wall ratio in south direction, shape coefficient and heating demand

图8 WWR南、体形系数与热需求关系
Fig.8 The relationship of window-wall ratio in south direction, shape coefficient and heating demand

图9 WWR南、体形系数与冷需求关系<br/>Fig.9 The relationship of window-wall ratio in south direction, shape coefficient and cooling demand

图9 WWR南、体形系数与冷需求关系
Fig.9 The relationship of window-wall ratio in south direction, shape coefficient and cooling demand

图10 WWR南、体形系数与全年冷热需求关系<br/>Fig.10 The relationship of window-wall ratio in south direction, shape coefficient and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图10 WWR南、体形系数与全年冷热需求关系
Fig.10 The relationship of window-wall ratio in south direction, shape coefficient and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图11 WWR东西、体形系数与热需求<br/>Fig.11 The relationship of window-wall ratio in east and west direction, shape coefficient and heating demand

图11 WWR东西、体形系数与热需求
Fig.11 The relationship of window-wall ratio in east and west direction, shape coefficient and heating demand

图12 WWR东西、体形系数与冷需求<br/>Fig.12 The relationship of window-wall ratio in east and west direction, shape coefficient and cooling demand

图12 WWR东西、体形系数与冷需求
Fig.12 The relationship of window-wall ratio in east and west direction, shape coefficient and cooling demand

图13 WWR东西、体形系数与全年冷热需求<br/>Fig.13 The relationship of window-wall ratio in south direction, shape coefficient and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图13 WWR东西、体形系数与全年冷热需求
Fig.13 The relationship of window-wall ratio in south direction, shape coefficient and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图14 SHGC南、体形系数与热需求<br/>Fig.14 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in south direction, shape coefficient and the heating demand

图14 SHGC南、体形系数与热需求
Fig.14 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in south direction, shape coefficient and the heating demand

图15 SHGC南、体形系数与冷需求<br/>Fig.15 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in south direction, shape coefficient and the cooling demand

图15 SHGC南、体形系数与冷需求
Fig.15 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in south direction, shape coefficient and the cooling demand

图16 SHGC南、体形系数与全年冷热需求<br/>Fig.16 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in south direction, shape coefficient and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图16 SHGC南、体形系数与全年冷热需求
Fig.16 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in south direction, shape coefficient and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图17 SHGC东西、体形系数与热需求<br/>Fig.17 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in east,west direction, shape coefficient and the heating demand

图17 SHGC东西、体形系数与热需求
Fig.17 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in east,west direction, shape coefficient and the heating demand

图18 SHGC东西、体形系数与冷需求<br/>Fig.18 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in east,west direction, shape coefficient and the cooling demand

图18 SHGC东西、体形系数与冷需求
Fig.18 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in east,west direction, shape coefficient and the cooling demand

图19 SHGC东西、体形系数与全年冷热需求<br/>Fig.16 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in east,west direction, shape coefficient and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图19 SHGC东西、体形系数与全年冷热需求
Fig.16 The relationship of solar heat gain coefficient in east,west direction, shape coefficient and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图20 建筑面宽进深比与建筑年冷热需求的散点图<br/>Fig.20 The scattering points diagram of length to width ratio and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图20 建筑面宽进深比与建筑年冷热需求的散点图
Fig.20 The scattering points diagram of length to width ratio and the aggregate demand of heating and cooling

图21 标准化残差呈正态分布<br/>Fig.21 Standardized Residuals with the normal distribution

图21 标准化残差呈正态分布
Fig.21 Standardized Residuals with the normal distribution

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期刊信息

西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)
（1957年创刊双月刊）

主管单位：陕西省教育厅

主办单位：西安建筑科技大学

主　　编：刘加平（院士）

副主编：史庆轩（常务）张引科张小龙

国内刊号：CN61-1295/TU

I S S N：1006-7930

地　　址：西安市雁塔路中段13号

国内发行：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

国外发行：中国出版对外贸易总公司

编辑出版：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

备注

引言

1 影响太阳辐射吸收的围护结构设计因素分析

2 围护结构太阳得热关键参数取值筛选

3 太阳辐射影响下的建筑体形节能设计

4 结论

期刊信息