西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

通过分析中国五个主要气候区中的五个代表城市在两个30年里(1971-2000年和1984-2013年)的设计干球温度(DDBT)和同时发生湿球温度(CWBT),研究了气候变化对室外设计条件和制冷负荷峰值的影响.研究结果发现1984-2013年的DDBT往往高于1971-2000年,但是1984-2013年的CWBT和相应的室外空气焓值在不同的保证率水平下均小于1971-2000年.与由于室外空气焓降低而导致的新风负荷减少相比,因温度升高而通过建筑物围护结构所产生的传导热的增益相对较小,这导致在五个主要气候区中冷负荷峰值均降低.这个结果与普遍认为的全球变暖将使室外设计条件更加严格,从而导致更高的冷负荷峰值和更大的供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)设备系统的观点相反.

We have examined the impact of climate change on outdoor design conditions and implications for peak cooling loads by analysing the design dry-bulb temperature(DDBT)and coincident wet-bulb temperature(CWBT)for two 30-year periods(1971-2000 and 1984-2013)in five cities within the five major climate zones across China. DDBT during 1984-2013 tends to be higher than that during 1971-2000,but the CWBT and the corresponding outdoor enthalpy during 1984-2013 are smaller than 1971-2000 at different significance levels. Increase in conduction heat gain through the building envelope due to rising temperature is relatively small compared with the reduction in fresh air load due to lower outdoor air enthalpy. This has resulted in a reduction in the peak cooling loads in all five major climates. This is in contrast to the generally held view that global warming would lead to more stringent outdoor design conditions,and hence higher peak cooling loads and larger heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)plants.

引言
1 主要气候区和代表城市
2 温度和焓的长期趋势
3 室外设计条件的变化
4 讨论
5 结论

图1 主要气候区和五个城市的位置<br/>Fig.1 Major climate zones and locations of the five cities

图1 主要气候区和五个城市的位置
Fig.1 Major climate zones and locations of the five cities

图2 1971-2013年温度变化趋势<br/>Fig.2 Long term(1971-2013)temperature trends(SD = standard deviation)

图2 1971-2013年温度变化趋势
Fig.2 Long term(1971-2013)temperature trends(SD = standard deviation)

表1 1971-2013年干、湿球温度和焓变趋势(正值为上升,负值为下降)<br/>Tab.1 Slopes of the long-tern(1971-2013)dry-bulb temperature(DBT),wet-bulb temperature(WBT)and enthalpy trends(positive=rising,negative=decreasing)

表1 1971-2013年干、湿球温度和焓变趋势(正值为上升,负值为下降)
Tab.1 Slopes of the long-tern(1971-2013)dry-bulb temperature(DBT),wet-bulb temperature(WBT)and enthalpy trends(positive=rising,negative=decreasing)

图3 五个城市的干、湿球温度累积频率分布<br/>Fig.3 Cumulative frequency distributions for dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures for the five cities(1984-2013)

图3 五个城市的干、湿球温度累积频率分布
Fig.3 Cumulative frequency distributions for dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures for the five cities(1984-2013)

表2 DDBT、DWBT与CWBT及其对应焓值在不同显著性水平下的差异(1984-2013)<br/>Tab.2 Summary of design DBT(DDBT)with design WBT(DWBT),DDBT with its coincident WBT(CWBT)and corresponding enthalpy at different significance levels(1984-2013)

表2 DDBT、DWBT与CWBT及其对应焓值在不同显著性水平下的差异(1984-2013)
Tab.2 Summary of design DBT(DDBT)with design WBT(DWBT),DDBT with its coincident WBT(CWBT)and corresponding enthalpy at different significance levels(1984-2013)

表3 新风负荷偏大情况<br/>Tab.3 Summary of over-estimation of fresh air load

表3 新风负荷偏大情况
Tab.3 Summary of over-estimation of fresh air load

表4 DDBT、CWBT和焓值的年变化趋势(1971-2013)<br/>Tab.4 Slopes of the yearly variations in design dry-bulb temperature(DDBT),coincident wet-bulb temperature(CWBT) and enthalpy during the 43-year period(1971-2013)

表4 DDBT、CWBT和焓值的年变化趋势(1971-2013)
Tab.4 Slopes of the yearly variations in design dry-bulb temperature(DDBT),coincident wet-bulb temperature(CWBT) and enthalpy during the 43-year period(1971-2013)

表5 两个30a周期(1971-2000和1984-2013)的DDBT、CWBT和焓值<br/>Tab.5 Summary of design DBT(DDBT),coincident WBT(CWBT)and enthalpy based on two 30-year periods(1971-2000 and 1984-2013)

表5 两个30a周期(1971-2000和1984-2013)的DDBT、CWBT和焓值
Tab.5 Summary of design DBT(DDBT),coincident WBT(CWBT)and enthalpy based on two 30-year periods(1971-2000 and 1984-2013)

表6 基于各城市规范的围护结构传热系数<br/>Tab.6 U-values for wall and window based on the design/energy code in the five cities(Ref.[27])W/(m2·K)

表6 基于各城市规范的围护结构传热系数
Tab.6 U-values for wall and window based on the design/energy code in the five cities(Ref.[27])W/(m2·K)

图4 建筑围护结构导热增益、新风负荷和冷负荷峰值的变化<br/>Fig.4 Summary of changes in building envelope conduction heat gain,fresh air load and peak cooling loads

图4 建筑围护结构导热增益、新风负荷和冷负荷峰值的变化
Fig.4 Summary of changes in building envelope conduction heat gain,fresh air load and peak cooling loads

图5 建筑围护结构传导热损失、新风负荷和热负荷峰值的变化<br/>Fig.5 Summary of changes in building envelope conduction heat loss,fresh air load and peak heating loads

图5 建筑围护结构传导热损失、新风负荷和热负荷峰值的变化
Fig.5 Summary of changes in building envelope conduction heat loss,fresh air load and peak heating loads

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备注

引言

1 主要气候区和代表城市

2 温度和焓的长期趋势

3 室外设计条件的变化

4 讨论

5 结论

期刊信息