西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

以长沙市某办公室电致变色(EC)窗为研究对象:首先,基于采光实验研究了夏季EC窗调控方法与垂直立面太阳辐射强度的关系,并据此提出了EC窗分层控制策略; 其次,结合EnergyPlus能耗模拟,分析了EC窗采取此分层控制策略的节能效果.研究结果表明:当垂直立面太阳辐射强度不超过70 W/m2时,EC窗处于透明态即可保证室内舒适的光环境,而随着垂直立面辐射强度增大,EC窗控制方式根据太阳直射光线入射位置而有所不同; 当太阳直射光入射位置未在人眼视野内时,调整下层玻璃着色往往比调整中层玻璃着色更能有效控制室内眩光; 太阳直射光从中下两层玻璃进入室内比仅从下层玻璃进入更容易使人产生视觉不适.此外,相比于普通玻璃窗和EC窗整体控制策略,EC窗夏季采取分层控制分别节约了48.21 kW·h空调能耗和17.6 kW·h照明能耗,总能耗则分别减少了20.4%和2.5%.研究成果可为EC窗在我国不同季节、不同气候条件下的EC玻璃窗的分层控制研究提供借鉴.

This paper took EC window of an office in Changsha as the research object. Firstly, the relationship between EC window control strategy and vertical facade solar radiation was studied based on daylight experiment, and layered control strategy was proposed.Then, the difference of EC glass window layered control and overall control on office energy consumption was analyzed by EnergyPlus.The experiment results show that when the vertical facade solar radiation is less than 70 W/m2, the EC glass window in transparent state can keep a comfortable visual environment.With the increase of vertical facade solar radiation, the control of EC window is different according to the incident position of direct sunlight.When the incidence position is not within the visual field, adjusting the lowest glass to dark is more effective for reducing discomfort glare.Direct sunlight entering the interior from the middle and lowest layers of glass is more likely to cause visual discomfort than from just the lowest layer of glass.In addition, compared with ordinary glass window and overall control strategy, the layered control of EC window saves 48.21 kW·h air conditioning energy consumption and 17.6 kW·h lighting energy consumption respectively, and the total energy consumption is reduced by 20.4% and 2.5%, respectively.This paper provides a reference for the application research of EC windows in China.

引言
1 实验介绍
2 模型建立
3 结果与分析
4 结论

图1 电致变色窗建筑示意图<br/>Fig.1 Building with electrochromic window

图1 电致变色窗建筑示意图
Fig.1 Building with electrochromic window

表1 实验器材及型号参数<br/>Tab.1 Experimental equipment and model parameters

表1 实验器材及型号参数
Tab.1 Experimental equipment and model parameters

表2 EC玻璃和普通玻璃性能参数<br/>Tab.2 Performance parameters of glazings

表2 EC玻璃和普通玻璃性能参数
Tab.2 Performance parameters of glazings

图2 采光与能耗模拟流程示意图<br/>Fig.2 Flow chart of lighting and energy consumption simulation

图2 采光与能耗模拟流程示意图
Fig.2 Flow chart of lighting and energy consumption simulation

表3 太阳直射光通过各层玻璃进入人眼视野的角度范围<br/>Tab.3 Angles of direct sunlight entering each layer of glass

表3 太阳直射光通过各层玻璃进入人眼视野的角度范围
Tab.3 Angles of direct sunlight entering each layer of glass

图3 太阳直射光线位置判断示意图<br/>Fig.3 The incident position of direct sunlight

图3 太阳直射光线位置判断示意图
Fig.3 The incident position of direct sunlight

图4 EC玻璃窗采光点照度、DGP的实测和模拟对比图<br/>Fig.4 Illumination and DGP of measurement and simulation of EC window

图4 EC玻璃窗采光点照度、DGP的实测和模拟对比图
Fig.4 Illumination and DGP of measurement and simulation of EC window

表4 7月16日和7月17日EC窗调控方式<br/>Tab.4 EC window mode on July 16 and 17

表4 7月16日和7月17日EC窗调控方式
Tab.4 EC window mode on July 16 and 17

图5 7月16日和17日采光实验结果<br/>Fig.5 Results of experiment on July 16 and July 17如图5所示,7月16日12:10的室内采光点照度为1 956 lux,DGP为0.34,满足室内采光要求.此时垂直立面太阳辐射强度为189 W/m2,窗户状态为中下层S2,上层透明.太阳高度角和方位角分别为75.5°和121.3°,据表3可将其归为太阳直射光仅透过下层窗.按照上述过程筛选出实验结果中所有满足采光点照度不超过2 000 lux且DGP不大于0.35的时刻点,并记录对应时刻的垂直立面太阳辐射强度和窗户所处状态; 再按照各时刻的太阳高度角和方位角,依据表3将其分成太阳直射光不在视野范围、太阳直射光透过中下两层窗和太阳直射光仅透过下层窗三类; 最终筛选统计得到了垂直立面辐射强度与EC窗分层控制的关系,如表5所示.

图5 7月16日和17日采光实验结果
Fig.5 Results of experiment on July 16 and July 17如图5所示,7月16日12:10的室内采光点照度为1 956 lux,DGP为0.34,满足室内采光要求.此时垂直立面太阳辐射强度为189 W/m2,窗户状态为中下层S2,上层透明.太阳高度角和方位角分别为75.5°和121.3°,据表3可将其归为太阳直射光仅透过下层窗.按照上述过程筛选出实验结果中所有满足采光点照度不超过2 000 lux且DGP不大于0.35的时刻点,并记录对应时刻的垂直立面太阳辐射强度和窗户所处状态; 再按照各时刻的太阳高度角和方位角,依据表3将其分成太阳直射光不在视野范围、太阳直射光透过中下两层窗和太阳直射光仅透过下层窗三类; 最终筛选统计得到了垂直立面辐射强度与EC窗分层控制的关系,如表5所示.

表5 玻璃状态和垂直立面太阳辐射的对应关系<br/>Tab.5 Correspondence between glass state and solar radiation of vertical facade

表5 玻璃状态和垂直立面太阳辐射的对应关系
Tab.5 Correspondence between glass state and solar radiation of vertical facade

图6 夏季EC玻璃分层控制策略<br/>Fig.6 Layered control strategy of electrochromic window

图6 夏季EC玻璃分层控制策略
Fig.6 Layered control strategy of electrochromic window

图7 EC玻璃窗与普通玻璃窗能耗对比图

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备注

引言

1 实验介绍

2 模型建立

3 结果与分析

4 结论

期刊信息