西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

光伏复合墙体是光伏建筑一体化(BIPV)的应用形式之一,凭借其特殊的构造体系,具有冬季保温、夏季隔热的性能.基于沈阳地区实验装置的监测数据,研究光伏复合墙体冬季温度变化规律,通过实测和模拟,量化了主被动两种热利用方式的供热量和供热效率.冬季太阳直射条件下,南墙光伏组件的温度可达到45～55 ℃,空气间层温度可达到35～45 ℃.在被动模式下,光伏复合墙体内的空气与室内空气自然循环,适用于空气间层温度高于30 ℃工况,基于对比实验装置,发现相对于未使用光伏复合墙体的B建筑,应用光伏复合墙体内循环模式的A建筑可节约36%采暖能耗,模拟发现在立冬日的供热效率为14%.在主动模式下,光伏复合墙体与新风机结合,新风机启停受控于空气间层温度,启动温度为30 ℃,停止温度为28 ℃,实际应用于沈阳某办公建筑,光伏复合墙体面积为8.64 m2.实测结果表明11月、2月和3月光伏复合墙体的新风机每日工作时间平均为5 h,供热效率约为22%,供热量为17.8 MJ,单位面积日均供热量为2.1 MJ/(m2·d).

Photovoltaic wall is one of the application forms of BIPV. With its special structure system, it has the performance of heat preservation in winter and heat insulation in summer. Based on the monitoring data of the experimental device in Shenyang, the paper studies the winter temperature variation of the photovoltaic wall. Through actual measurement and simulation, the heating capacity and efficiency of the active and passive heat utilization methods are quantified. Under direct sunlight in winter, the temperature of photovoltaic modules on the south wall can reach 45～55 ℃, and the temperature of air interlayer can reach 35～45 ℃. In the passive mode, the air in the photovoltaic wall circulates naturally with the indoor air, which is suitable for the condition that the air interlayer temperature is higher than 30 ℃. Based on the comparative experimental device, it is found that compared with building B without photovoltaic wall, building A with photovoltaic wall internal circulation mode can save 36% of heating energy consumption, and the simulation shows that the heating efficiency is 14% on Lidong Day. In the active mode, the photovoltaic wall is combined with the fresh air fan. The start and stop of the fresh air fan is controlled by the air interlayer temperature, the start temperature is 30 ℃ and the stop temperature is 28 ℃. It is actually applied to an office building in Shenyang, of which the area of the photovoltaic wall is 8.64 m2. The measured results show that in November, February and March, the average daily working time of fresh air fan is 5 h, the heating efficiency of photovoltaic wall is about 22%, the heating capacity is 17.8 MJ, and the daily average heating capacity per unit area is 2.1 MJ/(m2·d).

引言
1 实验平台
2 光伏复合墙体温度分布特性
3 被动热利用模式研究
4 主动热利用模式研究
5 结论

图1 惠州潼湖科技小镇项目[14]<br/>Fig.1 CIGS-BIPV Photovoltaic Demonstration Building in Tonghu Science and Technology Town

图1 惠州潼湖科技小镇项目[14]
Fig.1 CIGS-BIPV Photovoltaic Demonstration Building in Tonghu Science and Technology Town

图2 光伏复合墙体工作原理示意图<br/>Fig.2 Schematic diagram of working principle of photovoltaic wall

图2 光伏复合墙体工作原理示意图
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of working principle of photovoltaic wall

表1 沈阳地区光伏复合墙体逐月平均温度情况<br/>Tab.1 Monthly average temperature of photovoltaic wall in Shenyang

表1 沈阳地区光伏复合墙体逐月平均温度情况
Tab.1 Monthly average temperature of photovoltaic wall in Shenyang

图3 光伏复合墙体对比实验装置<br/>Fig.3 Comparative experimental device of photovoltaic wall

图3 光伏复合墙体对比实验装置
Fig.3 Comparative experimental device of photovoltaic wall

图4 光伏复合墙体被动内循环模式的温度变化趋势<br/>Fig.4 Temperature change trend of passive internal circulation mode of photovoltaic wall

图4 光伏复合墙体被动内循环模式的温度变化趋势
Fig.4 Temperature change trend of passive internal circulation mode of photovoltaic wall

表2 内循环运行模式模拟结果<br/>Tab.2 Simulation results of internal circulation operation mode

表2 内循环运行模式模拟结果
Tab.2 Simulation results of internal circulation operation mode

图5 与新风机结合的光伏复合墙体构造示意图<br/>Fig.5 Structural diagram of photovoltaic composite wall combined with fresh air fan

图5 与新风机结合的光伏复合墙体构造示意图
Fig.5 Structural diagram of photovoltaic composite wall combined with fresh air fan

图6 实验期间光伏复合墙体和室内温度情况<br/>Fig.6 Photovoltaic wall and indoor temperature during the experiment

图6 实验期间光伏复合墙体和室内温度情况
Fig.6 Photovoltaic wall and indoor temperature during the experiment

图7 实验期间光伏复合墙体供热效率<br/>Fig.7 Heating efficiency of photovoltaic wall during the experiment

图7 实验期间光伏复合墙体供热效率
Fig.7 Heating efficiency of photovoltaic wall during the experiment

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备注

引言

1 实验平台

2 光伏复合墙体温度分布特性

3 被动热利用模式研究

4 主动热利用模式研究

5 结论

期刊信息