西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

预紧力缺失对8.8级M24高强度螺栓常幅疲劳性能影响分析

(1.太原理工大学土木工程学院,山西太原 030024; 2.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东济南 250013)

Analysis of the influence of the pre-tension loss on the constant-amplitude fatigue performance of grade 8.8 M24 high-strength bolts

JIAO Jinfeng¹,LIU Zhanxiang¹,LIU Dan¹,LIU Yong²,GUO Qi¹,LEI Honggang¹

(1.College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; 2.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China)

Keywords：high-strength bolt,pre-tension force,constant amplitude fatigue,stress concentration,fracture analysis

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2022.01.005

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针对3组应力比分别为0.3、0.5、0.8共24个材质为35K的8.8级M24高强度螺栓进行常幅疲劳试验和数值模拟,基于试验结果建立其相应的S-N曲线,并选取典型高强度螺栓疲劳断口进行宏观和微观分析,重点探讨了高强度螺栓预紧力缺失对其常幅疲劳性能的影响.分析结果表明:相同应力比和应力幅的一组螺栓,对应预紧扭矩变化100 N·m,其2×106次循环对应允许疲劳强度相差11.35%; 疲劳断口特征与预紧力大小明显相关,疲劳断口表面、扩展区和瞬断区范围随着预紧力增大,断口颜色变暗、扩展区范围扩大且瞬断区粗糙度加深; 高强度螺栓应力集中位置和大小受预紧力值影响较小,但与常幅疲劳试验断口位置基本吻合; 有无加荷装置对高强度螺栓应力大小影响明显,对应最大应力差值先减小后趋于稳定.

Constant amplitude fatigue test and numerical simulation were carried out on three groups of 24 specimens of grade 8.8 M24 high-strength bolts made of 35K under the stress ratios of 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8. The corresponding S-N curves were established based on the test results, and typical fractured high-strength bolts were selected for macro and micro fractography analysis, mainly focusing on the influence of the pre-tension loss on the constant amplitude fatigue performance. The analysis results show that: for one group of bolts under the same stress ratio and stress amplitude corresponding to the pre-tension torque change of 100 N·m, the difference between the allowable fatigue strengths at 2×106 cycles is 11.35%; the characteristics of fatigue fractured surfaces are obviously related to the pre-tension force, and with the increase of the pre-tension, the color of the fatigue fractured surface darkens, the area of the extension zone expands, and the roughness of the instantaneous fracture zone deepens; The location and magnitude of stress concentration of high-strength bolts are less affected by the pre-tightening, while the location generally agrees with the constant amplitude fatigue fracture location; the presence and absence of the loading device have a significant influence on the stress of the high-strength bolt, and the corresponding maximum stress difference first decreases and then tends to stabilize.

引言
1 试验方案
2 试验分析
3 疲劳断口分析
4 数值模拟
5 结论

图1 某厂房端板节点螺栓预紧力缺失典型案例<br/>Fig.1 The pre-tension loss of the bolts at the end-plate connection in one factory building

图1 某厂房端板节点螺栓预紧力缺失典型案例
Fig.1 The pre-tension loss of the bolts at the end-plate connection in one factory building

表1 螺栓基本性能指标<br/>Tab.1 Basic mechanical performance of high-strength bolt

表1 螺栓基本性能指标
Tab.1 Basic mechanical performance of high-strength bolt

图2 高强度螺栓疲劳试验设备<br/>Fig.2 Fatigue test equipment of high-strength bolts

图2 高强度螺栓疲劳试验设备
Fig.2 Fatigue test equipment of high-strength bolts

图3 应变片位置示意图<br/>Fig.3 Diagram of strain gauge position

图3 应变片位置示意图
Fig.3 Diagram of strain gauge position

$图4 第一种疲劳断裂形态<br/>Fig.4 The first fatigue fracture type$

图4 第一种疲劳断裂形态
Fig.4 The first fatigue fracture type

$图5 第二种疲劳断裂形态<br/>Fig.5 The second fatigue fracture type$

图5 第二种疲劳断裂形态
Fig.5 The second fatigue fracture type

图6 不同应力比拟合S-N曲线<br/>Fig.6 Comparison of the fitting S-N curves under different stress ratios

图6 不同应力比拟合S-N曲线
Fig.6 Comparison of the fitting S-N curves under different stress ratios

表2 疲劳试验结果<br/>Tab.2 Fatigue test results

表2 疲劳试验结果
Tab.2 Fatigue test results

图7 预紧力增加前S-N曲线<br/>Fig.7 The S-N curve before the increase of the pre-tension

图7 预紧力增加前S-N曲线
Fig.7 The S-N curve before the increase of the pre-tension

图8 预紧力增加后S-N曲线<br/>Fig.8 The S-N curve after the increase of the pre-tension

图8 预紧力增加后S-N曲线
Fig.8 The S-N curve after the increase of the pre-tension

图9 疲劳寿命增长率统计图<br/>Fig.9 Statistical chart of the fatigue life growth rate

图9 疲劳寿命增长率统计图
Fig.9 Statistical chart of the fatigue life growth rate

$图10 第6组M24-0.5-23试件疲劳断口图<br/>Fig.10 Fatigue fractography of M24-0.5-23 in group 6(Δσ=170 MPa,N=21.77万次)$

图10 第6组M24-0.5-23试件疲劳断口图
Fig.10 Fatigue fractography of M24-0.5-23 in group 6(Δσ=170 MPa,N=21.77万次)

$图11 第6组M24-0.5-09试件疲劳断口图<br/>Fig.11 Fatigue fractography of M24-0.5-09 in group 6(Δσ=170 MPa,N=18.92万次)$

图11 第6组M24-0.5-09试件疲劳断口图
Fig.11 Fatigue fractography of M24-0.5-09 in group 6(Δσ=170 MPa,N=18.92万次)

图12 有限元模型<br/>Fig.12 Finite element model

图12 有限元模型
Fig.12 Finite element model

图13 Mises应力分布云图<br/>Fig.13 Mises stress distribution contour

图13 Mises应力分布云图
Fig.13 Mises stress distribution contour

表3 螺栓试件应变值试验与数值模拟结果对比<br/>Tab.3 Comparison of test results and numerical simulation results of the bolt strain values

表3 螺栓试件应变值试验与数值模拟结果对比
Tab.3 Comparison of test results and numerical simulation results of the bolt strain values

图14 疲劳试验机采集的应变-循环次数曲线<br/>Fig.14 Strain-cycle curve collected by the fatigue test machine

图14 疲劳试验机采集的应变-循环次数曲线
Fig.14 Strain-cycle curve collected by the fatigue test machine

图15 数值模拟得到的应变-时间曲线<br/>Fig.15 Strain-time curve obtained through the numerical simulation

图15 数值模拟得到的应变-时间曲线
Fig.15 Strain-time curve obtained through the numerical simulation

图16 无加荷装置螺栓应力分布云图<br/>Fig.16 Stress distribution contour of the bolt without the loading device

图16 无加荷装置螺栓应力分布云图
Fig.16 Stress distribution contour of the bolt without the loading device

图17 有加荷装置螺栓应力分布云图<br/>Fig.17 Stress distribution contour of the bolt with the loading device

图17 有加荷装置螺栓应力分布云图
Fig.17 Stress distribution contour of the bolt with the loading device

表4 有无加荷装置螺栓应力对比<br/>Tab.4 Comparison of the bolt stress with or without the loading device

表4 有无加荷装置螺栓应力对比
Tab.4 Comparison of the bolt stress with or without the loading device

图18 有无加荷装置螺栓缺口应力对比<br/>Fig.18 Comparison of the notch stress of bolt with or without the loading device

图18 有无加荷装置螺栓缺口应力对比
Fig.18 Comparison of the notch stress of bolt with or without the loading device

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期刊信息

西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)
（1957年创刊双月刊）

主管单位：陕西省教育厅

主办单位：西安建筑科技大学

主　　编：刘加平（院士）

副主编：史庆轩（常务）闫增峰

国内刊号：CN61-1295/TU

I S S N：1006-7930

地　　址：西安市雁塔路中段13号

国内发行：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

国外发行：中国出版对外贸易总公司

编辑出版：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

备注

引言

1 试验方案

2 试验分析

3 疲劳断口分析

4 数值模拟

5 结论

期刊信息