西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

光伏支架中螺栓连接和拉铆连接在轴向循环荷载作用下的松动行为对比试验研究

(1.中国能源建设集团甘肃省电力设计院有限公司, 甘肃兰州 730050; 2.西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院, 陕西西安 710055; 3.西安建筑科技大学结构工程与抗震教育部重点实验室, 陕西西安 710055)

Comparative experimental study on the loosening behavior of bolted and riveted connections under axial cyclic loads in photovoltaic supports

MIAO Guangwei¹, CHEN Zhichao¹, ZHANG Yi¹, YANG Junfen^2,3, WANG Weixin², HAO Kaili²

(1.China Energy Construction Group Gansu Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd; Lanzhou 730050,China; 2.School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Univ. of Arch. & Tech., Xi'an 710055, China; 3.Key Lab of Structural Engineering and Earthquake Resistance, Ministry of Education(XAUAT), Xi'an 710055, China)

Keywords：riveted connection; bolted connection; anti-loosening performance; axial circulating loads; fretting wear

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2022.04.013

备注

摘要

全文

图/表

参考文献

拉铆连接代替螺栓连接将提高光伏支架节点的防松性能。为研究光伏支架中采用拉铆连接代替螺栓连接的可行性,对比分析拉铆连接和螺栓连接轴向荷载下的防松性能,分别对规格8 mm的4.8级普通螺栓、4.8级防松螺栓以及5.8级小规格拉铆钉进行轴向循环荷载下的松动试验研究,并结合微观测试手段对其防松原理和损伤机制进行了研究。分析了三类连接在轴向循环荷载作用下的松动过程,研究了荷载幅值和频率对螺栓连接和拉铆连接松动行为的影响。研究表明:拉铆连接具有更好的防松性能; 松动过程包括预紧力迅速下降阶段和预紧力缓慢下降并趋于稳定的阶段; 随着荷载幅值的增大,螺栓连接和拉铆连接的松动程度增加,并且荷载幅值达到16 kN时螺栓完全松动而拉铆钉预紧力仅下降29.34%; 随着荷载频率的增加,螺栓连接和拉铆连接的松动程度降低,相同荷载频率拉铆连接的松动程度远小于螺栓连接; 拉铆钉圆弧结构的牙型和铆接成型后牙型配合面的过盈配合提高了其防松性能。

Riveted connections instead of bolted connections will improve the anti-loosening performance of the photovoltaic bracket nodes. In order to study the feasibility of using riveted connections instead of bolted connections in photovoltaic supports, the anti-loosening performance under axial loads of riveted connections and bolted connections was compared and analyzed, and the loosening test under axial cyclic loads of 4.8-grade common bolts, 4.8-grade anti-loosening bolts and 5.8-grade small-gauge rivets with a specification of 8 mm were studied respectively,and the anti-loosening principle and damage mechanism were studied in combination with microscopic test methods. The loosening process of three types of connections under the action of axial cyclic loads is analyzed, and the influence of load amplitude and frequency on the loosening behavior of bolted connections and riveted connections is studied. The results show that the riveted connections has better anti-loosening performance; The loosening process includes a stage of the preload decreases rapidly, and another stage of the preload slowly decreases and stabilizes; As the load amplitude increases, the degree of loosening of the bolted connection and the riveted connection increases, and the bolt is completely loosened when the load amplitude reaches 16 kN, and the rivet preload decreases by only 29.34%; As the load frequency increases, the degree of loosening of bolted and riveted connections decreases, Riveted connections with the same load frequency are much less loose than bolted connections.The taping of the tooth shape of the riveted connection arc structure and the interference fit of the tooth shape mat after riveting form improve its anti-loosening performance.

引言
1 试验概况
2 试验结果
3 试验结果分析
4 结论

图1 轴向荷载作用下螺栓/铆钉防松试验试件<br/>Fig.1 Anti-loosening test specimen of bolt / rivet under axial load

图1 轴向荷载作用下螺栓/铆钉防松试验试件
Fig.1 Anti-loosening test specimen of bolt / rivet under axial load

图2 拉伸试件形状及尺寸<br/>Fig.2 Shape and size of the stretched specimen

图2 拉伸试件形状及尺寸
Fig.2 Shape and size of the stretched specimen

表1 Q355B板材性试验结果<br/>Tab.1 Q355B sheet metal test results

表1 Q355B板材性试验结果
Tab.1 Q355B sheet metal test results

表2 拉铆钉力学性能<br/>Tab.2 Mechanical properties of rivets

表2 拉铆钉力学性能
Tab.2 Mechanical properties of rivets

图3 疲劳试验机<br/>Fig.3 Fatigue testing machine

图3 疲劳试验机
Fig.3 Fatigue testing machine

图4 试件进行加载<br/>Fig.4 The specimen is loaded

图4 试件进行加载
Fig.4 The specimen is loaded

表3 加载制度
Tab.3 Loading system

表4 轴向荷载作用下不同紧固件连接松动试验结果<br/>Tab.4 Results of loosening test of different fastener connections under axial load

表4 轴向荷载作用下不同紧固件连接松动试验结果
Tab.4 Results of loosening test of different fastener connections under axial load

图5 轴向荷载作用下不同紧固件连接的平均松动程度<br/>Fig.5 Average degree of loosening of different fastener connections under axial loads

图5 轴向荷载作用下不同紧固件连接的平均松动程度
Fig.5 Average degree of loosening of different fastener connections under axial loads

表5 不同轴向荷载幅值作用下的螺栓连接与拉铆连接松动试验结果<br/>Tab.5 Results of the loosening test of bolted and riveted connections under different axial load amplitudes

表5 不同轴向荷载幅值作用下的螺栓连接与拉铆连接松动试验结果
Tab.5 Results of the loosening test of bolted and riveted connections under different axial load amplitudes

图6 不同荷载幅值的轴向循环荷载作用下螺栓连接节点的松动曲线<br/>Fig.6 Loosening curve of bolted connection under axial cyclic loads with different load amplitudes

图6 不同荷载幅值的轴向循环荷载作用下螺栓连接节点的松动曲线
Fig.6 Loosening curve of bolted connection under axial cyclic loads with different load amplitudes

图7 不同荷载幅值的轴向循环荷载作用下拉铆连接节点的松动曲线<br/>Fig.7 Loosening curve of riveted connection under axial cyclic loads with different load amplitudes

图7 不同荷载幅值的轴向循环荷载作用下拉铆连接节点的松动曲线
Fig.7 Loosening curve of riveted connection under axial cyclic loads with different load amplitudes

表6 不同频率的轴向荷载作用下的螺栓连接与拉铆连接松动试验结果<br/>Tab.6 Results of loosening of bolted and rivet connections under axial loads of different frequencies

表6 不同频率的轴向荷载作用下的螺栓连接与拉铆连接松动试验结果
Tab.6 Results of loosening of bolted and rivet connections under axial loads of different frequencies

图8 不同荷载频率的轴向循环荷载作用下螺栓连接节点的松动曲线<br/>Fig.8 Loosening curve of bolted connections under axial cyclic

图8 不同荷载频率的轴向循环荷载作用下螺栓连接节点的松动曲线
Fig.8 Loosening curve of bolted connections under axial cyclic

图9 不同荷载频率的轴向循环荷载作用下拉铆连接节点的松动曲线<br/>Fig.9 Loosening curve of riveted connections under axial cyclic loads of different load frequencies

图9 不同荷载频率的轴向循环荷载作用下拉铆连接节点的松动曲线
Fig.9 Loosening curve of riveted connections under axial cyclic loads of different load frequencies

图10 轴向荷载作用下螺栓宏观损伤形貌<br/>Fig.10 Macroscopic damage morphology of bolt under axial loads

图10 轴向荷载作用下螺栓宏观损伤形貌
Fig.10 Macroscopic damage morphology of bolt under axial loads

图11 轴向荷载作用下拉铆钉宏观损伤形貌<br/>Fig.11 Macroscopic damage morphology of rivet under axial load

图11 轴向荷载作用下拉铆钉宏观损伤形貌
Fig.11 Macroscopic damage morphology of rivet under axial load

图12 轴向荷载作用下螺栓第一圈螺纹表面SEM形貌<br/>Fig.12 SEM morphology of the first circle thread surface of the bolt under axial load

图12 轴向荷载作用下螺栓第一圈螺纹表面SEM形貌
Fig.12 SEM morphology of the first circle thread surface of the bolt under axial load

表7 轴向荷载作用下螺栓第一圈螺纹表面EDX成分分析<br/>Tab.7 EDX component analysis on the surface of the first circle thread of bolt under axial load

表7 轴向荷载作用下螺栓第一圈螺纹表面EDX成分分析
Tab.7 EDX component analysis on the surface of the first circle thread of bolt under axial load

图13 轴向荷载作用下拉铆钉第三圈螺纹表面SEM形貌<br/>Fig.13 SEM morphology of the third ring thread surface of the rivet under axial load

图13 轴向荷载作用下拉铆钉第三圈螺纹表面SEM形貌
Fig.13 SEM morphology of the third ring thread surface of the rivet under axial load

表8 轴向荷载作用下拉铆钉第三圈螺纹表面EDX成分分析<br/>Tab.8 EDX component analysis on the surface of the third ring thread of rivet under axial load

表8 轴向荷载作用下拉铆钉第三圈螺纹表面EDX成分分析
Tab.8 EDX component analysis on the surface of the third ring thread of rivet under axial load

[1]罗西, 刘加平. 居住建筑分布式光伏发电系统经济性分析[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 47(3): 437-441.
[2]黄栋, 杨子杰, 王文倩. 新发展格局下新能源产业发展历程、内生逻辑与展望[J]. 新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2021(6): 1-11.
[3]侯世远. 螺纹联接松动机理研究[D]. 北京: 北京理工大学, 2015.
[4]侯世远, 廖日东. 螺纹联接松动过程的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 强度与环境, 2014, 41(2): 39-52.
[5]刘秀丽, 王燕. 中美欧高强度螺栓外伸端板连接设计方法比较[J]. 西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 44(1): 41-49.
[6]GOODIER, Sweeney. Loosening by vibration of threaded fastenings[J]. Proceeding of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Journal of EN, 1945, 67:798-802.
[7]YANG X, NASSAR S A, WU Z, et al. Nonlinear behavior of preloaded bolted joints under a cyclic separating load[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2012, 134(1): 011206.
[8]NASSAR S A, YANG X, GANDHAM S V T, et al. Nonlinear deformation behavior of clamped bolted joints under a separating service load[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2011, 133(2): 021001
[9]NASSAR S A, WU Z, YANG X. Achieving uniform clamp load in gasketed bolted joints using a nonlinear finite element model[J]. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology, 2010, 132(3): 031205.
[10]刘建华. 轴向荷载下螺栓连接结构的松动机理研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学, 2016.
[11]HORN W, SCHMITT R. Relaxation in bolted thermoplastic composite connections[C]//34th Structures, structural dynamics and materials conference. La Jolla,CA,USA:AIAA,1993: 485-494.
[12]SCHMITT R, HORN W, Viscoelastic relaxation in bolted thermoplastic composite connections[J]. Proceedings of Sampe Symposium and Exhibits, 1990, 35: 1336-1347
[13]IBRAHIM R A, PETTIT C L. Uncertainties and dynamic problems of bolted connections and other fasteners[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005, 279(3-5): 857-936.
[14]汝继来, 袁龙英. 铁路货车专用拉铆钉的研制和力学性能探讨[J]. 机电产品开发与创新, 2013, 26(2): 7-9.
[15]中国国家标准化管理委员会. 钢及钢产品—力学性能试件取样位置及试样制备: GB/T 2975—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018.
[16]中国国家标准化管理委员会. 金属材料室温拉伸试验: 第一部分: 室温试验方法: GB/T 228.1—2010[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2010.
[17]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 钢结构设计标准: GB 50017—2017[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2017.
[18]中机生产力促进中心. 紧固件横向振动试验方法: GB/T 10431—2008[S]. 北京: 中国机械工业联合会, 2008.
[19]China Productivity Center For Machinery. Transverse vibration testing method for fasteners:GB/T 10431—2008[S]. Beijing: China Machinery Industry Federation, 2008.
[20]张钦, 贾云龙. 风电机组用新型紧固连接技术疲劳性能试验研究[J]. 东方汽轮机, 2020(4): 55-58.
[21]赵伦. 5052铝合金自冲铆接头微动损伤研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2018.
[22]HUA Z. Analysis of the load distribution in a bolt-nut connector[J]. Computers and Structures, 1994, 53(6): 1465-1472.

pdf格式下载

+分享

期刊信息

西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)
（1957年创刊双月刊）

主管单位：陕西省教育厅

主办单位：西安建筑科技大学

主　　编：刘加平（院士）

副主编：史庆轩（常务）闫增峰

国内刊号：CN61-1295/TU

I S S N：1006-7930

地　　址：西安市雁塔路中段13号

国内发行：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

国外发行：中国出版对外贸易总公司

编辑出版：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

备注

引言

1 试验概况

2 试验结果

3 试验结果分析

4 结论

期刊信息