西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

在不断推进基础教育优质均衡发展，合理解决大城市学位供给矛盾的同时，如何通过有效途径判断学校空间布点是否达到规划预期，实现公众享受教育资源的公平性，是当下研究的热点之一.本研究基于2020年西安市中心城区小学315条POI数据信息，借助ArcGIS地理处理中的空间分析模块，利用平均最近邻、核密度分析和标准差椭圆等方法，分别对中心城区小学布点的宏观分布、下辖六区的中观供给、小学单元的微观覆盖三个层面进行识别和分析.研究表明:西安市中心城区小学布点呈现出整体离散的单中心格局，且“内密外疏”的沿东北—西南方向分布趋势显著; 虽所辖六区中高密度人口对应高密度学校分布，但各小学单元覆盖效率不高，覆盖居住单元数量不均，实际学位供给仍存缺口等问题较为突出.

While promoting the balanced development of basic education quality and reasonably solving the contradiction of school supply in big cities, how to judge whether the spatial arrangement of schools meets the planning expectation through effective ways to achieve the fairness of the public's access to educational resources is one of the hot spots of current research. Based on 315 POI data of primary schools in Xi'an Central Urban Area in 2020, with the help of spatial analysis module of ArcGIS geographic processing, the paper identifies and analyzes the macro distribution of primary school distribution in central urban area, the medium supply of six districts under its jurisdiction, and the micro coverage of primary school units by using the methods of Average Nearest Neighbor, Kernel Density Estimation and Standard Deviation Ellipse. The results show that the distribution of primary schools in the central urban area of Xi'an presents an overall discrete single-center pattern, and the distribution trend of “dense inside and sparse outside” along the northeast-southwest direction is significant; although the high-density population in the six districts under its jurisdiction corresponds to the distribution of high-density schools, the coverage efficiency of each primary school unit is not high, the number of residential units is uneven, and there is still a gap in the actual school supply.

引言
1 数据来源与研究方法
2 统计与分析
3 结论

图1 西安市中心城区分布构成图<br/>Fig.1 Distribution structure of Xi'an central urban

图1 西安市中心城区分布构成图
Fig.1 Distribution structure of Xi'an central urban

图2 中心城区小学POI布点图<br/>Fig.2 POI layout of central urban primary school

图2 中心城区小学POI布点图
Fig.2 POI layout of central urban primary school

图3 中心城区住宅单元POI布点图<br/>Fig.3 POI layout of central urban residential units

图3 中心城区住宅单元POI布点图
Fig.3 POI layout of central urban residential units

表1 中心城区六区面积、人口和小学数量统计表<br/>Tab.1 Statistics of area, population and number of primary schools in the six districts of central urban

表1 中心城区六区面积、人口和小学数量统计表
Tab.1 Statistics of area, population and number of primary schools in the six districts of central urban

图4 最近邻分析图<br/>Fig.4 Average nearest neighbor analysis

图4 最近邻分析图
Fig.4 Average nearest neighbor analysis

图5 中心城区小学POI核密度分析图<br/>Fig.5 Kernel density analysis of central urban primary school POI

图5 中心城区小学POI核密度分析图
Fig.5 Kernel density analysis of central urban primary school POI

图6 中心城区人口密度分布图<br/>Fig.6 Distribution of population density in central urban

图6 中心城区人口密度分布图
Fig.6 Distribution of population density in central urban

图7 中心城区小学POI标准差椭圆分析图<br/>Fig.7 Standard deviational ellipse analysis of central urban primary school POI

图7 中心城区小学POI标准差椭圆分析图
Fig.7 Standard deviational ellipse analysis of central urban primary school POI

图8 中心城区居住单元POI标准差椭圆分析图<br/>Fig.8 Standard deviational ellipse analysis of central urban residential units POI

图8 中心城区居住单元POI标准差椭圆分析图
Fig.8 Standard deviational ellipse analysis of central urban residential units POI

图9 中心城区人口密度与学校密度对比统计图<br/>Fig.9 Comparison of population density and school density in central urban areas

图9 中心城区人口密度与学校密度对比统计图
Fig.9 Comparison of population density and school density in central urban areas

图10 中心城区人口密度与学校密度叠加分布图<br/>Fig.10 Overlay distribution of population density and school density in central urban

图10 中心城区人口密度与学校密度叠加分布图
Fig.10 Overlay distribution of population density and school density in central urban

表2 下辖六区学位供需测算表<br/>Tab.2 Calculation of school supply and demand in six districts

表2 下辖六区学位供需测算表
Tab.2 Calculation of school supply and demand in six districts

图11 中心城区小学POI覆盖范围<br/>Fig.11 POI coverage of primary schools in central urban areas

图11 中心城区小学POI覆盖范围
Fig.11 POI coverage of primary schools in central urban areas

图12 中心城区小学POI覆盖范围内居住单元统计<br/>Fig.12 Statistics of residential units within the coverage of primary school POI in central urban area

图12 中心城区小学POI覆盖范围内居住单元统计
Fig.12 Statistics of residential units within the coverage of primary school POI in central urban area

图13 小学单元覆盖范围内居住单元频数统计<br/>Fig.13 Frequency statistics of residential units within the coverage of primary school units

图13 小学单元覆盖范围内居住单元频数统计
Fig.13 Frequency statistics of residential units within the coverage of primary school units

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备注

引言

1 数据来源与研究方法

2 统计与分析

3 结论

期刊信息