西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

我国高校教学建筑的供暖能耗普遍较高.基于间歇供暖模式对高校课程安排进行优化，是通过改变不同教室的使用规律来降低教学楼整体能耗的有效方法.但仅以建筑节能为目的，而忽略课程授课节次的时间间隔应尽量均匀这一常规排课优化目标，会导致优化后的课程安排出现难以与学生客观学习规律相适应的不利结果.为解决以上问题，本研究提出了间歇供暖模式下，同时考虑建筑节能和课程授课时间间隔的高校教学建筑多目标排课优化方法，通过Building Controls Virtual Test Bed(BCVTB)平台建立EnergyPlus与Matlab的联合仿真模型，并利用遗传算法在不同权重的优化目标下对高校排课问题进行计算求解.研究结果表明，随着建筑节能目标所占权重的逐渐增大，排课优化结果存在如下规律:1)室外温度整体较低的授课日内所排课程减少，室外温度整体较高的授课日内所排课程增多; 2)所有教室中全天不供暖次数以及仅下午供暖的累计次数明显增多; 3)教室占用在时间上逐渐集中，一个教室在半天内课程安排全满的概率显著增加; 4)教学建筑典型周内累计供热量最多可降低31.1%.

The heating energy consumption of university teaching buildings in China is generally high. Optimization of curriculum arrangement based on intermittent heating mode is an effective way to reduce the overall energy consumption of teaching buildings by changing the use rules of different classrooms. However, it is only for the purpose of building energy conservation, while ignoring the conventional optimization goal of arranging courses that the interval between teaching sessions should be as uniform as possible, which will lead to adverse results that the optimized course arrangement is difficult to adapt to the objective learning laws of students. In order to solve the above problems, this study, considering both building energy conservation and course teaching time interval, proposes a multi-objective course scheduling optimization method for university teaching buildings under intermittent heating mode.The co-simulation model of EnergyPlus and Matlab is established through the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed( BCVTB )platform, and the genetic algorithm is used to calculate and solve the course scheduling problem under the optimization objective of different weights. The results show that, with the gradual increase of the weight of building energy saving objectives, the results of course scheduling optimization are as follows: 1)the number of courses scheduled in the teaching days with low outdoor temperature decreases, while the number of courses scheduled in the teaching days with high outdoor temperature increases; 2)the cumulative number of times that all classrooms are not heated all day and only heated in the afternoon has increased significantly; 3)classroom occupancy is gradually concentrated in time, and the probability that a classroom will be fully filled within half a day increases significantly; 4)the accumulated heat supply of teaching buildings in a typical week can be reduced by 31.1% at most.

引言
1 模型的建立与求解方法
2 案例及结果分析
3 结论

图1 通过BCVTB实现EnergyPlus和Matlab的联合仿真<br/>Fig.1 Co-simulation of EnergyPlus and Matlab through BCVTB

图1 通过BCVTB实现EnergyPlus和Matlab的联合仿真
Fig.1 Co-simulation of EnergyPlus and Matlab through BCVTB

图2 Matlab课程表的输出结果呈现形式<br/>Fig.2 Presentation form of output results of Matlab course schedule

图2 Matlab课程表的输出结果呈现形式
Fig.2 Presentation form of output results of Matlab course schedule

图3 教学建筑平面布局图<br/>Fig.3 Layout of teaching building

图3 教学建筑平面布局图
Fig.3 Layout of teaching building

表1 课程周次组合惩罚值<br/>Tab.1 Weekly combination penalty value of courses

表1 课程周次组合惩罚值
Tab.1 Weekly combination penalty value of courses

图4 不同课程间隔目标权重下课程节次时间间隔优化结果<br/>Fig.4 Time interval optimization results of course sessions under different course interval target weights

图4 不同课程间隔目标权重下课程节次时间间隔优化结果
Fig.4 Time interval optimization results of course sessions under different course interval target weights

图5 不同供暖模式出现频次<br/>Fig.5 Frequency of different heating modes

图5 不同供暖模式出现频次
Fig.5 Frequency of different heating modes

图6 不同建筑节能目标权重下教室课程安排结果<br/>Fig.6 Results of classroom curriculum arrangement under different building energy efficiency target weights

图6 不同建筑节能目标权重下教室课程安排结果
Fig.6 Results of classroom curriculum arrangement under different building energy efficiency target weights

图7 不同建筑节能目标权重下累计开启供暖教室数<br/>Fig.7 Cumulative number of classrooms with heating on under different building energy saving target weights

图7 不同建筑节能目标权重下累计开启供暖教室数
Fig.7 Cumulative number of classrooms with heating on under different building energy saving target weights

图8 不同建筑节能目标权重下逐时开启供暖教室数优化结果<br/>Fig.8 Optimization results of the number of heating classrooms opened hourly under different building energy saving target weights

图8 不同建筑节能目标权重下逐时开启供暖教室数优化结果
Fig.8 Optimization results of the number of heating classrooms opened hourly under different building energy saving target weights

图9 不同建筑节能目标权重下教学建筑一周累计供热量优化结果<br/>Fig.9 Optimization results of cumulative heat supply of teaching buildings in a week under different building energy saving target weights

图9 不同建筑节能目标权重下教学建筑一周累计供热量优化结果
Fig.9 Optimization results of cumulative heat supply of teaching buildings in a week under different building energy saving target weights

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备注

引言

1 模型的建立与求解方法

2 案例及结果分析

3 结论

期刊信息