基于医疗废物高温蒸汽处理车间的通风方案优化及效果预测

(1.西安建筑科技大学 建筑设备科学与工程学院,陕西 西安 710055; 2.火箭军研究院,北京 100094)

医疗废物处置车间; 环境控制; 气流组织; 贴附通风

Optimization and effect prediction of ventilation scheme for medical waste high-temperature steam treatment workshop
ZHANG Jing1, LV Wenchao1, LI Angui1, HOU Li'an2

(1.School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an Univ. of Arch. & Tech., Xi'an 710055, China; 2.Rocket Force University of Engineering, Beijing 100094, China)

medical waste disposal center; environmental control; air distribution; attachment ventilation

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2022.05.013

备注

医疗废弃物具有传染性、生物毒性、化学毒性等,若不加以妥善安全的处理,会严重危害环境与工作人员的健康.本文针对典型医疗废物高温蒸汽处理车间的4种通风方案,即局部排风、全面排风、竖壁贴附与顶部排风组合、竖壁贴附与局部排风组合等方式,数值模拟了各自的速度分布、温度分布和污染物排除效果.研究表明,对本文涉猎的任何带有局部排风的通风方式,人员呼吸区高度的氯甲烷(CH3CL)、氨气(NH3)平均质量分数均明显低于无局部排风的通风方式,局部排风系统是有效排出厂房内的污染物的前置性通风条件.此外,新型竖壁贴附送风方式可实现厂房两侧6 m~10 m工作区范围的新风定向输送,能更好地保障工作区的空气品质.本研究可为医疗废物处置车间的高效通风气流组织设计提供指导.
Medical waste has infectious, biological and chemical toxicity. If it is not handled properly and safely, it will seriously endanger the environment and the health of staff. In this paper, the velocity distribution, temperature distribution and pollutant removal effect of four ventilation schemes for typical medical waste high-temperature steam treatment workshop, i.e. local exhaust ventilation, general ventilation, combination of vertical wall attachment and top exhaust ventilation, and combination of vertical wall attachment and local exhaust ventilation, are numerically simulated. The research shows that for any ventilation mode with local exhaust discussed in this paper, the average mass fraction of methane chloride(CH3CL)and ammonia(NH3)at the height of respiratory zone is significantly lower than that without local ventilation, which reveals that local exhaust system is the pre ventilation condition for effectively removing pollutants. In addition, the new vertical wall attached air supply mode can realize the directional delivery of fresh air within the 6 m~10 m working area on both sides of the plant, which can better ensure the air quality in the working area. This study can provide guidance for the design of efficient ventilation and air distribution in medical waste disposal workshop.