西部“一带一路”沿线城镇水资源与水环境的特征、制约及保障模式
文 刚,张正洪,田识琪,黄廷林

(西安建筑科技大学 环境与市政工程学院,陕西 西安 710055)

水资源; 水环境; “一带一路”; 保障模式

Characteristics, constraints and guarantee modes of water resources and water environment in cities and towns along “the Belt and Road” in Western China
WEN Gang,ZHANG Zhenghong,TIAN Shiqi,HUANG Tinglin

(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an Univ. of Arch. & Tech., Xi'an 710055, China)

water resource; water environment; “the Belt and Road”; guarantee modes

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2022.06.003

备注

介绍了西部“一带一路”代表性沿线城镇水资源与水环境的特征与现状,系统分析了其存在的问题与制约,并提出相应的绿色更新发展保障模式.具体从水资源量、降水、供用水情况、用水效益、污水处理情况、再生水及雨水利用情况以及水质情况介绍了西部“一带一路”沿线城镇水资源与水环境的特征.该地区拥有全国31.76%土地面积,但水资源总量仅占全国10.6%.沿线城镇中64.7%的人均水资源量低于全国平均水平,78.2%的降水量低于全国平均水平且集中分布在夏秋两季.用水结构除省会城市外其它城镇均以农业用水为主,占86%.再生水利用率最低仅为15.5%,污水处理率基本达到95%以上.经分析,水资源量匮乏且分布不均、利用难度大、水资源开发过载、用水结构不合理、非传统水资源利用率较低、部分地区水污染严重等问题深深制约着西部沿线城镇的绿色更新发展.针对以上问题,本研究强调贯彻“四水四定”原则、优化调度和统筹配置水资源、推进水资源“开源节流”、强化水污染治理和水环境保护工作等保障模式.
This study introduces the status quo of water resource and water environment of the representative cities and towns along the One Belt One Road in western China, systematically analyzes the issues and limitations, and proposes a corresponding guarantee model for a green renewal development. Characteristics of water resources and water environment in cities and towns along One Belt One Road in western China is specifically depicted in terms of water resources, precipitation, water supply and consumption, water efficiency, wastewater treatment, utilization of reclaimed water and rainwater, as well as water quality. The five provinces of “the Belt and Road” have 31.76% of the national land area, but the total amount of water resources only accounts for 10.6% of the country's total water resources. 64.7% of the cities and towns along the line have lower per capita water resources than the national average, 78.2% of the precipitation is lower than the national average, and is concentrated in the summer and autumn. Agriculture, the major pathway of water utilization except for provincial capitals, takes up to 86% of the water utilized. The lowest utilization rate of renewable water is only 15.5%, and wastewater treatment rate is over 95% for most cities and towns. According to the analysis, the lack and uneven distribution of water resources, the difficulty of utilization, the overload of water resources development, the unreasonable structure of water use, the low utilization rate of non-traditional water resources, and the serious water pollution in some areas deeply restrict the green renewal and development of towns along the western route. In view of the above problems, this study emphasizes the implementation of the four principles of economic and social development based on available water, the optimization of scheduling and overall allocation of water resources, the promotion of water resources “resource opening and resource saving”, and the strengthening of water pollution control and water environment protection.
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