关中合院建筑节能优化与绿色更新
何文芳1,2,刘承桦1,刘加平1,2

(1.西安建筑科技大学 建筑学院,陕西 西安 710055; 2.西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710055)

关中; 合院建筑; 形态要素; 节能优化; 绿色

Energy saving optimization and green renewal of Guanzhong traditional courtyard building
HE Wenfang1,2, LIU Chenghua1, LIU Jiaping1,2

(1.School of Architecture, Xi'an Univ. of Arch. & Tech., Xi'an 710055, China; 2.State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China, Xi'an 710055, China)

Guanzhong; traditional courtyard; form element; energy-saving optimization; green

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2022.06.008

备注

关中是华夏文明重要发祥地和古丝绸之路的起点,亦是合院建筑的发源地,关中合院建筑作为古丝绸之路上传播中华文化的重要载体,其绿色更新有益于“一带一路”沿线建筑文化传承与发展.通过文献研究与关中地区18个传统村落现场调查,归纳了合院形制、单体建筑、营造技艺等典型特征,并提出院落宽度、东西厢房挑檐宽度、东西厢房檐口高度、东西厢房屋脊高度、以及倒座檐口高度等“窄庭”形态节能设计因素及其数值范围; 采用现场测试与数值模拟方法,建立典型关中合院建筑模型并验证其有效性; 对合院式民居的形态与围护结构进行优化设计分析,结果表明传统关中建筑空间形态节能的最佳组合为,院落宽度13 m,东西厢房挑檐宽度0.3 m、东西厢房屋脊高度5 m,倒座檐口高度3 m.因此“窄院”并不能很好的适应当地气候.此外模拟结果表明,改善围护结构热工性能对于改善冬季室内热环境效果较好,可以降低全年建筑能耗40.61%.
Guanzhong is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization and the starting point of the ancient Silk Road. It is also the birthplace of courtyard buildings. As an important carrier of spreading Chinese culture on the ancient Silk Road, As an important carrier of spreading Chinese culture on the ancient Silk Road, the green renewal of Guanzhong courtyard buildings is beneficial to the inheritance and development of architectural culture along the “Belt and Road”. Through literature research and on-site investigation of 18 traditional villages in Guanzhong area, this paper summarizes the typical characteristics of the courtyard shape, single building, construction techniques, etc., and proposes the energy-saving design factors and numerical ranges of the “narrow courtyard” form such as the height of the roof, the height of the cornice, the width of the overhang, the width of the courtyard, the height of the building on the south side, etc. By using field test and numerical simulation methods, a typical Guanzhong courtyard building model is established and its effectiveness is verified, and after that, the shape and enclosure structure of courtyard-style residential buildings are optimized and analyzed. The results show that the best combination of energy conservation in the space form of traditional Guanzhong buildings is that the width of the courtyard is 13 m, the size of the overhang is 0.3 m, the height of the roof is 8 m, and the height of the south house is 3 m, so the “narrow courtyard” cannot be well adapted to the local climate. In addition, the simulation results show that improving the thermal performance of the envelope has a good effect on improving the indoor thermal environment in winter, which can reduce the annual building energy consumption by 40.61%.
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