西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

位于唐大明宫遗址与明城墙之间的西安火车站,由于城市发展及综合交通的需要,拟改造现有南站房并扩建北站房形成南北双向入口.针对其庞大的建筑体量与遗址环境在布局与形态方面存在的冲突关系,应用视觉原理分析了历史轴线与总体布局、遗址保护与建筑体量、整体风貌与形态景观等关系.结果表明:通过视线通廊的总体布局可平衡历史轴线错位,通过最佳水平与垂直视角分析可确定适宜的建筑体量尺度,通过建筑风格、材质及色彩等形态要素可体现整体风貌的文化特征.进而提出了品字形对称虚连接布局、型体组合与高度控制、屋顶形式与立面风格等形态设计策略,使处于丹凤门遗址博物馆与明城墙注目下的西安火车站形态与城市历史环境协调统一.

Xi'an railway station, located between the ruins of Tang Daming Palace and the wall of Ming Dynasty, plans to transform the existing south station house and expand the north station house to form a north-south two-way entrance due to the needs of urban development and comprehensive transportation. In view of the conflict between its huge building volume and the layout and form of the site environment, this paper analyzes the relationship between the historical axis and the overall layout, the site protection and the building volume, the overall style and form landscape by using the visual principle. The results show that through the overall layout of the sight corridor, the dislocation of the historical axis can be balanced, the appropriate building volume scale can be determined through the analysis of the best horizontal and vertical perspective, and the cultural characteristics of the overall style can be reflected through the morphological elements such as architectural style, material and color. Then it puts forward the morphological design strategies such as symmetrical and virtual connection layout, shape combination and height control, roof form and facade style, so as to coordinate and unify the form of Xi'an railway station under the attention of Danfengmen site museum and Ming city wall with the urban historical environment.

引言
1 回视:历史轴线错位与总体布局的视觉平衡
2 对视:遗产保护要求与建筑体量的视线分析
3 凝视:整体风貌协调与形态景观的文化体现
4 结语

图1 西安火车站区位环境<br/>Fig.1 Location environment of Xi'an railway station

图1 西安火车站区位环境
Fig.1 Location environment of Xi'an railway station

图2 西安火车站周边环境<br/>Fig.2 Surrounding environment of Xi'an railway station

图2 西安火车站周边环境
Fig.2 Surrounding environment of Xi'an railway station

图3 唐城轴线与明城轴线的错位关系<br/>Fig.3 Dislocation relationship between Tang city axis and Ming City axis

图3 唐城轴线与明城轴线的错位关系
Fig.3 Dislocation relationship between Tang city axis and Ming City axis

图4 轴线转换与空间领域感对比分析<br/>Fig.4 Comparative analysis of axis transformation and spatial domain sense

图4 轴线转换与空间领域感对比分析
Fig.4 Comparative analysis of axis transformation and spatial domain sense

图5 东配楼对北站房的视觉平衡作用<br/>Fig.5 The visual balance effect of the East Annex building on the north station building

图5 东配楼对北站房的视觉平衡作用
Fig.5 The visual balance effect of the East Annex building on the north station building

图6 水平视线分析<br/>Fig.6 Horizontal line of sight analysis

图6 水平视线分析
Fig.6 Horizontal line of sight analysis

表1 水平视角统计(度)<br/>Tab.1 Statistics of horizontal viewing angle(degree)

表1 水平视角统计(度)
Tab.1 Statistics of horizontal viewing angle(degree)

图7 按最佳视角确定站房高度的垂直视线分析<br/>Fig.7 Vertical line of sight analysis for determining the height of station building from the best perspective

图7 按最佳视角确定站房高度的垂直视线分析
Fig.7 Vertical line of sight analysis for determining the height of station building from the best perspective

图8 按文保要求确定站房高度的垂直视线分析<br/>Fig.8 Vertical line of sight analysis for determining the height of station building according to the requirements of cultural protection

图8 按文保要求确定站房高度的垂直视线分析
Fig.8 Vertical line of sight analysis for determining the height of station building according to the requirements of cultural protection

图9 站房高度与立面设计<br/>Fig.9 Height and elevation design of station building

图9 站房高度与立面设计
Fig.9 Height and elevation design of station building

图10 从含元殿遗址远眺的天际轮廓分析<br/>Fig.10 Analysis of skyline from Hanyuan Palace Site

图10 从含元殿遗址远眺的天际轮廓分析
Fig.10 Analysis of skyline from Hanyuan Palace Site

图11 两城对视下的西安火车站总体风貌<br/>Fig.11 The overall style of Xi'an railway station viewed from the two cities

图11 两城对视下的西安火车站总体风貌
Fig.11 The overall style of Xi'an railway station viewed from the two cities

图12 体现西安传统文化的现代建筑风格<br/>Fig.12 Modern architectural style embodying Xi'an traditional culture

图12 体现西安传统文化的现代建筑风格
Fig.12 Modern architectural style embodying Xi'an traditional culture

图13 延续丹凤门神韵的材质与色彩选配<br/>Fig.13 Selection of materials and colors to continue the charm of Danfeng gate

图13 延续丹凤门神韵的材质与色彩选配
Fig.13 Selection of materials and colors to continue the charm of Danfeng gate

[1]郎玉凤.西安站综合交通枢纽规划研究方案[J].铁道运输与经济,2013(4):39-43.
[2]兰凯伦.空间意识形态与城市边缘地带的生产——以西安“道北”为例[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(社科版),2019,38(5):26-31,75.
[3]康志明.西安火车站改扩建工程旅客换乘设计研究[J].铁道标准设计,2020,64(6):143-147.
[4]韩超,大遗址间的西安火车站枢纽城市设计探析[J].铁道标准设计,2018,(4):1-147.
[5]窦娜莎.人文视角下我国铁路客运站建筑形态演变研究[D]. 南京: 南京工业大学,2018.
[6]王楠,刘丛红,杨鸿玮.欧洲火车站调研及其对我国高铁站房设计的启示[J].新建筑,2021(4):81-86.
[7]胡昂,刘杰,李想,等.多中心城市轨道交通典型站域的土地利用特征演化研究——以日本东京为例[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2021,53(5):746-757.
[8]刘世军,马以兵,赵霞.现代交通建筑地域文化印象——泉州火车站设计[J].建筑学报,2011(1):84-91.
[9]王群,李维纳.浓郁的地方特色现代化的火车站——苏州火车站设计[J].建筑学报,2009,(4):64-66.
[10]户遥.城市中心区铁路客运综合体空间和流线组织研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2021.
[11]NAUBADA Ali, ZHOU Qi. Defensible citadel: History and architectural character of the Lahore Railway Station[J].Frontiers of Architectural Research,2020,9:805-819.
[12]JIN Congyi, SHEN Zhongwei. Research on comprehensive development strategy of railway station space under the background of urbanization[J]. Sustainability in Environment,2018,3(4):346-346.
[13]SEO Minho, LEE Dongyoub. Typological differences in railway station areas according to locational characteristics:A nationwide study of Korea[J].Sustainability, 2021,13(8):4310-4310.
[14]ERFAN Hassannayebi. A hybrid simulation model of passenger emergency evacuation under disruption scenarios: A case study of a large transfer railway station[J].Journal of Simulation,2020,14(3):204-228.
[15]赵安启.唐长安城选址和建设思想简论[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2007,39(5):667-672.
[16]张锦秋.大明宫国家遗址公园—丹凤门遗址博物馆设计[J].建筑创作,2012(1):18-27.
[17]马曙晓,陈彬熇,唐韵.基于视线通廊分析的历史城区高度控制研究——以正定古城为例[J].建筑与文化,2021(4):122-124.
[18]鲁道夫·阿恩海姆. 建筑形式的视觉动力[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2006:84-90.
[19]卢原义信.街道的美学[M].天津:百花文艺出版社.2006:31-38.
[20]李志民,王昆.基于行为心理需求的城市商业广场尺度研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,48(2):240-244.

备注

引言

1 回视:历史轴线错位与总体布局的视觉平衡

2 对视:遗产保护要求与建筑体量的视线分析

3 凝视:整体风貌协调与形态景观的文化体现

4 结语

期刊信息