西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

道口镇传统街巷空间风环境特征研究

张佳敏,姚珊珊,吕红医

(郑州大学建筑学院,河南郑州 450001)

关键词：历史村镇; 风环境; 街巷尺度; CFD技术

Study on spatial wind environment characteristics of traditional streets and lanes in Daokou Town

ZHANG Jiamin,YAO Shanshan,LÜ Hongyi

(School of Architecture, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)

Keywords：historical villages and towns; wind environment; street scale; CFD technology

DOI: 10.15986/j.1006-7930.2023.03.015

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道口镇,作为大运河永济渠段重要的历史村镇,具有“三街六铺七十二胡同”的传统街巷空间结构.采用CFD技术研究了道口镇顺河北街片区街巷空间风环境特征,解析了街巷空间风环境与街巷空间特征、街巷尺度的关系.研究结果表明街巷的开敞空间、拐角空间及入口空间的通风效果较好,不同季节街巷尺度与街巷空间舒适风的关系具有较为明显的差异.在夏冬两季,街巷宽度一定时建筑高度与舒适风速比率呈正相关; 建筑高度一定且街巷宽度在1.3～2.0 m之间时,舒适风速比率随着街巷宽度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势; 建筑高度一定且街巷宽度在2.0～5.0 m之间时,舒适风速比率随街巷高宽比的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势.而在春季,当街巷宽度在1.3～2.0 m之间且建筑高度不为9 m时,街巷宽度一定舒适风速比率随着建筑高度的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势; 建筑高度一定舒适风速比率与街巷宽度呈正相关,与街巷高宽比呈负相关.

Daokou Town, as an important historical village in the Yongji Canal section of the Grand Canal, has a traditional spatial structure of “three streets, six stores and seventy-two alleys”. In this paper, CFD technology is used to study the characteristics of street spatial wind environment in the North Shunhe Street area of Daokou Town, and the relationship between street and alleys spatial wind environment and its spatial characteristics and scale is analyzed. The research results show that the ventilation effect of the open space, corner space and entrance space of the street is better, and the relationship between the street scale and the comfortable wind of the street space has more obvious differences in different seasons. In summer and winter, the building height is positively correlated with the comfortable wind speed ratio when the street width is constant; when the building height is constant and the street width is between 1.3 m and 2.0 m, the comfortable wind speed ratio increases first and then decreases with the increase of street width; when the building height is constant and the street width is between 2.0 m and 5.0 m, the comfortable wind speed ratio increases first and then decreases with the increase of the street aspect ratio. But in spring, when the street width is between 1.3 m and 2.0 m and the building height is not 9 m, the comfortable wind speed ratio of the street width decreases first and then increases with the increase of the building height; the comfortable wind speed ratio of the building height is positively correlated with the width of the street and negatively correlated with the aspect ratio of the street.

引言
1 研究对象
2 街巷风环境特征现状分析
3 街巷尺度对风环境的影响
4 结论

表1 各季节平均风速和最大风频<br/>Tab.1 Average wind speed and maximum wind frequency in each season

表1 各季节平均风速和最大风频
Tab.1 Average wind speed and maximum wind frequency in each season

图1 顺河北街西北侧片区街巷及测点分布图<br/>Fig.1 Distribution of streets, lanes and measuring points in the northwest of Shunhe North Street

图1 顺河北街西北侧片区街巷及测点分布图
Fig.1 Distribution of streets, lanes and measuring points in the northwest of Shunhe North Street

表2 顺河北街西北侧片区街巷尺度统计<br/>Tab.2 Scale statistics of streets and lanes in the northwest of Shunhe North Street

表2 顺河北街西北侧片区街巷尺度统计
Tab.2 Scale statistics of streets and lanes in the northwest of Shunhe North Street

图2 研究片区模型
Fig.2 Study area model

图3 实测风速值与模拟风速值对比图<br/>Fig.3 Comparison diagram of measured and simulated wind speed values

图3 实测风速值与模拟风速值对比图
Fig.3 Comparison diagram of measured and simulated wind speed values

表3 实测风速与模拟风速相关性分析结果<br/>Tab.3 Correlation analysis results of measured wind speed and simulated wind speed

表3 实测风速与模拟风速相关性分析结果
Tab.3 Correlation analysis results of measured wind speed and simulated wind speed

表4 顺河北街西北侧街区选取街巷各测点空间特征<br/>Tab.4 Characteristics of selected measuring points of streets and lanes in the northwest block of Shunhe North Street

表4 顺河北街西北侧街区选取街巷各测点空间特征
Tab.4 Characteristics of selected measuring points of streets and lanes in the northwest block of Shunhe North Street

图4 四季风环境条件下街巷各测点风速值<br/>Fig.4 Wind speed values at various measurement points in streets and alleys under four seasons wind environment conditions

图4 四季风环境条件下街巷各测点风速值
Fig.4 Wind speed values at various measurement points in streets and alleys under four seasons wind environment conditions

表5 不同温度下舒适风速范围<br/>Tab.5 Comfortable wind speed range under different temperatures

表5 不同温度下舒适风速范围
Tab.5 Comfortable wind speed range under different temperatures

图5 街巷模型示意图<br/>Fig.5 Schematic diagram of street and lane model

图5 街巷模型示意图
Fig.5 Schematic diagram of street and lane model

表6 街巷入口风速值<br/>Tab.6 Wind speed at street entrance

表6 街巷入口风速值
Tab.6 Wind speed at street entrance

图6 夏季舒适风速比率随建筑高度、街巷宽度变化图<br/>Fig.6 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with building height and street width in summer

图6 夏季舒适风速比率随建筑高度、街巷宽度变化图
Fig.6 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with building height and street width in summer

表7 不同街巷尺度下夏季舒适风速比率模拟结果<br/>Tab.7 Simulation results of summer comfortable wind speed ratio at different street and lane scales

表7 不同街巷尺度下夏季舒适风速比率模拟结果
Tab.7 Simulation results of summer comfortable wind speed ratio at different street and lane scales

图7 不同建筑高度下夏季舒适风速比率随街巷高宽比变化图<br/>Fig.7 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with street height width ratio in summer under different building heights

图7 不同建筑高度下夏季舒适风速比率随街巷高宽比变化图
Fig.7 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with street height width ratio in summer under different building heights

图8 冬季舒适风速比率随建筑高度、街巷宽度变化图<br/>Fig.8 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with building height and street width in winter

图8 冬季舒适风速比率随建筑高度、街巷宽度变化图
Fig.8 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with building height and street width in winter

表8 不同街巷尺度下冬季舒适风速比率模拟结果<br/>Tab.8 Simulation results of comfort wind speed ratio in winter at different street and lane scales

表8 不同街巷尺度下冬季舒适风速比率模拟结果
Tab.8 Simulation results of comfort wind speed ratio in winter at different street and lane scales

图9 不同建筑高度下冬季舒适风速比率随街巷高宽比变化图<br/>Fig.9 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with street height width ratio in winter under different building heights

图9 不同建筑高度下冬季舒适风速比率随街巷高宽比变化图
Fig.9 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with street height width ratio in winter under different building heights

图10 春季舒适风速比率随建筑高度、街巷宽度变化图<br/>Fig.10 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with building height and street width in spring

图10 春季舒适风速比率随建筑高度、街巷宽度变化图
Fig.10 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with building height and street width in spring

表9 不同街巷尺度下春季舒适风速比率模拟结果<br/>Tab.9 Simulation results of comfortable wind speed ratio in spring at different street and lane scales

表9 不同街巷尺度下春季舒适风速比率模拟结果
Tab.9 Simulation results of comfortable wind speed ratio in spring at different street and lane scales

图11 不同建筑高度下春季舒适风速比率随街巷高宽比变化图<br/>Fig.11 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with street height width ratio in spring under different building heights

图11 不同建筑高度下春季舒适风速比率随街巷高宽比变化图
Fig.11 Variation of comfortable wind speed ratio with street height width ratio in spring under different building heights

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期刊信息

西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)
（1957年创刊双月刊）

主管单位：陕西省教育厅

主办单位：西安建筑科技大学

主　　编：刘加平（院士）

副主编：史庆轩（常务）闫增峰

国内刊号：CN61-1295/TU

I S S N：1006-7930

地　　址：西安市雁塔路中段13号

国内发行：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

国外发行：中国出版对外贸易总公司

编辑出版：西安建筑科技大学学报编辑部

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引言

1 研究对象

2 街巷风环境特征现状分析

3 街巷尺度对风环境的影响

4 结论

期刊信息