西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版)

借助剪切设备开展室内试验是研究结构物-土体相互作用的重要途径之一,因此,剪切设备的改进或研制具有重要意义.本文研制了一种大型多功能结构物-土界面循环直剪仪,该设备可以实现在法线方向施加常应力和常刚度两种加载方式,通过伺服电机控制等应变、等应力方式施加剪切力,剪切盒上设有玻璃观察窗,可配合外置图像采集系统观察土体颗粒的运动轨迹,上下剪切盒的联接采用保证间隙的滚动方式结构,限制了上剪切盒在试验过程中的上翘,辅助导轨的设计方便了结构物更换和土样装卸,试验数据通过计算机控制系统实现自动采集和实时显示.利用该设备进行了钙质砂与粗糙钢板的界面循环剪切试验,试验结果表明:该设备能够较好地分析钢-钙质砂界面剪切特性,为后期结构物-颗粒土相互作用研究提供了有力的试验支撑.

It is one of the important ways to study the interaction between structure and soil to carry out laboratory test by shear equipment, so the improvement or development of shear equipment is of great significance. In this paper, a large-scale multifunctional cyclic direct shear apparatus for structure-soil interface is developed, which can realize two loading modes of applying constant stress and constant stiffness in the normal direction. The shearing force is applied by servo motor in the way of equal strain and equal stress. The shear box is equipped with a glass observation window, which can cooperate with the external image acquisition system to observe the movement track of soil particles. The connection of the upper and lower shear boxes adopts the rolling structure to ensure the clearance, which limits the upward warping of the upper shear box during the test. The design of the auxiliary guide rail facilitates the replacement of the structure and the loading or unloading of the soil sample. The test data can be automatically collected and displayed at the same time through the computer control system. The cyclic shear test of interface between calcareous sand and rough steel plate was carried out with this equipment. The experimental results show that the equipment can better analyze the shear characteristics of steel-calcareous sand interface, which provides a strong experimental support for the later study of interaction between structure and granular soil.

引言
1 设备研制
2 试验过程及结果
3 结论

图1 大型多功能结构物-土界面循环直剪仪示意图<br/>Fig.1 Schematic diagram of large-scale multifunctional cyclic direct shear apparatus for structure-soil interface

图1 大型多功能结构物-土界面循环直剪仪示意图
Fig.1 Schematic diagram of large-scale multifunctional cyclic direct shear apparatus for structure-soil interface

图2 大型多功能结构物-土界面循环直剪仪实物图<br/>Fig.2 Real picture of large-scale multifunctional cyclic direct shear apparatus for structure-soil interface

图2 大型多功能结构物-土界面循环直剪仪实物图
Fig.2 Real picture of large-scale multifunctional cyclic direct shear apparatus for structure-soil interface

图3 法向系统
Fig.3 Normal system

图4 剪切向系统<br/>Fig.4 Shear direction system

图4 剪切向系统
Fig.4 Shear direction system

图5 设备控制系统<br/>Fig.5 Equipment control system

图5 设备控制系统
Fig.5 Equipment control system

图6 辅助导轨
Fig.6 Auxiliary guide

图7 常应力加载原理示意<br/>Fig.7 Loading principle of constant stress

图7 常应力加载原理示意
Fig.7 Loading principle of constant stress

图8 常刚度加载原理示意<br/>Fig.8 Loading principle of constant stiffness

图8 常刚度加载原理示意
Fig.8 Loading principle of constant stiffness

图9 常刚度加载用圆环<br/>Fig.9 Ring for constant stiffness loading

图9 常刚度加载用圆环
Fig.9 Ring for constant stiffness loading

图10 常刚度加载的实现方式<br/>Fig.10 Implementation of constant stiffness loading

图10 常刚度加载的实现方式
Fig.10 Implementation of constant stiffness loading

图11 上下剪切盒联接装置<br/>Fig.11 Connection device between upper shear box and lower shear box

图11 上下剪切盒联接装置
Fig.11 Connection device between upper shear box and lower shear box

图12 法向位移传感器的固定装置<br/>Fig.12 Fixing device of normal displacement sensor

图12 法向位移传感器的固定装置
Fig.12 Fixing device of normal displacement sensor

图13 单次循环剪切示意图<br/>Fig.13 Single cycle shear diagram

图13 单次循环剪切示意图
Fig.13 Single cycle shear diagram

图14 钙质砂级配曲线<br/>Fig.14 Distribution curves of calcareous sand

图14 钙质砂级配曲线
Fig.14 Distribution curves of calcareous sand

图15 试验用钙质砂<br/>Fig.15 Calcareous Sand used in the test

图15 试验用钙质砂
Fig.15 Calcareous Sand used in the test

表1 界面剪切试验用钙质砂级配指标<br/>Tab.1 Gradation index of calcareous sand for interfacial shear test

表1 界面剪切试验用钙质砂级配指标
Tab.1 Gradation index of calcareous sand for interfacial shear test

表2 钙质砂主要物理力学指标<br/>Tab.2 Main physical and mechanical indexes of calcareous sand

表2 钙质砂主要物理力学指标
Tab.2 Main physical and mechanical indexes of calcareous sand

图16 试验用粗糙钢板<br/>Fig.16 Rough steel plate used in the test

图16 试验用粗糙钢板
Fig.16 Rough steel plate used in the test

图17 常应力条件下试验关系曲线<br/>Fig.17 Experimental relationship curves under constant stress condition

图17 常应力条件下试验关系曲线
Fig.17 Experimental relationship curves under constant stress condition

图18 常刚度条件下试验关系曲线<br/>Fig.18 Experimental relationship curves under constant stiffness condition

图18 常刚度条件下试验关系曲线
Fig.18 Experimental relationship curves under constant stiffness condition

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备注

引言

1 设备研制

2 试验过程及结果

3 结论

期刊信息